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AP Psych > Unit 0 > Flashcards

Unit 0 Flashcards

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1
Q

Single-Blind Studies

A

Participants dont know which treatment group they are in

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2
Q

Hawthorn effect (observer effect)

A

When people know they are being watched so they act unnaturally

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3
Q

Quasi Experiment

A

Like a true experiment except participants are NOT randomly assigned to the experimental groups

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4
Q

Institutional Review Board

A

Review proposals for research that involves human participation
Approval from IRB required for experiment to proceed

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5
Q

William James

A

teaches first psycho course as Harvard professor
Developed functionalism

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6
Q

Normal Distribution

A

Bell curve

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7
Q

Reliability

A

Whether or not experiment can be repeated

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8
Q

Informed Asset

A

Agreement by an individual not competent to give legally valid informed consent (ages 7-17)

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9
Q

Correlation Coefficient

A

(r)
Numerical representation of strength between Z variables
Determines whether or not one variable predicts the other
1 or -1 is strongest closer to 0 is weaker

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10
Q

Random Assignment

A

Random Process that ensures all members have an equal chance of being in either control or experimental groups

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11
Q

Convenience Sample

A

Using respondents who are convenient for the researcher. No pattern to getting respondents. Can be recruited by asking random people in public

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12
Q

G. Stanley Hall

A

Established first US psych lab
Established American Psychological Association (APA)

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13
Q

American Psychological Association (APA)

A

Largest professional organization representing psychology in the US
Established code of ethics all psychologists must follow in their work + ensure practices are ethical

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14
Q

Representative Sample

A

Group that closely matches characteristics of its population as a whole.

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15
Q

Double-blind Studies

A

Neither experimenter or participants know who is in which treatment group until the study concludes

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16
Q

Random Sample

A

Everyone in population has equal chance of being included. Eliminates bias

17
Q

Wilhelm Wundt

A

Established psych as a academic study in GERMANY
Focuses on introspection
Tested reaction time in adults

18
Q

Validity

A

Experiment is testing what it is supposed to test

19
Q

Sigmond Freud

A

Introduces psychoanalysis
Interpretation of Dreams
Explored unconscious mind driving human behavior & free association

20
Q

Edward Fitchner

A

Developed structuralism

21
Q

Ivan Pavlov, B.F. Skinner, & John B. Watson

A

Studying of learned behaviors is biggest subject of intrest

22
Q

Jean Piaget

A

Studies differences in childern’s minds/logic
studied how our mind approaches decision making & thinking
cognitivism

23
Q

Falsifiablity

A

The ability to prove your hypothesis wrong

24
Q

Confederates

A

Someone helping conduct the experiment enters as one of the subjects, with the other subjects unaware

25
Q

Lobotomy

A

First procedure was in DC
Drilling 2 holes into prefrontal cortex & injecting pure ethyl alcohol to relieve severe
psychosis

26
Q

Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic

A

Unconscious part of our mind which controls much of our thought and action. Psychoanalytic emphasizes role of early childhood experiances

27
Q

Biological

A

Examine human thought and behavior in terms of physical & biological processes

28
Q

Behavioral

A

Focuses on learned behaviors. Differs from other perspectives because it focuses solely on observable behaviors

29
Q

Cognitive

A

Focuses on mental processes such as memory, thinking, problem-solving, language and decision making

30
Q

Socio-Cultural

A

How thoughts and behaviors vary between cultures. Seeks to understand human behavior by examining the rules of social groups

31
Q

Humanistic

A

Human capacity for choice and growth. Positive outlook on people related to their motivation to fulfill their potential

32
Q

Evolutionary

A

Human thoughts and actions in terms of natural selection. Focused on study of how evolution explains psychological processes.

33
Q

Standard Deviation (SD)

A

How far from average scores in group differ from mean of that group.

34
Q

Z Score

A

number of standard deviations from the mean a data point is

35
Q

1 standard deviation %

A

68%

36
Q

2 standard deviation %

A

95%

37
Q

3 standard deviations

A

99.7%

38
Q

P-Value

A

% of the experiment results that are random
<.05 or <5%

AP Psych (2 decks)

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