Unionism And Co-operation Flashcards
Trade unionism
Individual workers from the same trade or industry binding together as one force in the interest of protecting their rights and improving their work conditions
Co-operative movement
Organisation whose primary aim is to promote the welfare of its members by working together in pursuit of mutual progress rather than for big individual profits
When was the friendly societies act passed
1793
When did Robert Owen take over at New Lanark
1799
When was the cooperator newspaper published
1827
When were the Rochdale pioneers established
1844
When was the Amalgamated society of engineers founded
1851
When was the Friendly societies act passed
1855
When was the co operative wholesale society set up
1863
When was the trade union act passed
1871
What does “closed shop” mean
The practise of employing only individuals who were members of the trade union or who were in good standing with the union
What was the population increase between 1750 and 1850
6-17 million
Artisan definition
A skilled worker who uses traditional craft techniques in their craft rather than machines
What does journeyman mean
A person who has completed his apprenticeship but not yet become a master of his trade
Up until what year was it illegal to be part of a trade union
1824
After what year did molestation (pressuring fellow workers to join strikes) become a crime
1825
When and what was the Grand National Consolidated Trades Union
1834 and it was a federation of unions
What 2 years were there major strikes by the cotton spinners of Lancashire
1810,1818
When was the combination acts repealed
1824
Why did the Grand National fail
Of the claimed 1 million members only 16000 paid the fee and this wasn’t enough to maintain the organisation or fund strikes.
What happened in 1834 in Derby
1500 mill workers were locked out of their place of work for failing to abandon their union and while they did manage 4 months they eventually went back and renounced the union because it wasn’t able to financially support them.
When and what was the master and servant act
1823- made the act of breaking a contract an offence punishable with imprisonment
Due to the master and servant act how many prosecutions were there
Between 1857 and 1875 there were on average 10,000 prosecutions each year in England and Wales
What happened in Tolpuddle
6 farm workers were exiled to Australia for a 7 year sentence because they had formed a union in protest to their wages going down to 6 shillings a week
New model unionism
This was the development of larger unions by skilled workers who used more conservative methods such as negotiations rather than militancy to achieve their aims. The belief was that by acting respectfully and moderately they would be able to better influence their employers.
What does ASE stand for and when was it established
Amalgamated society of engineers 1851
How much did the ASE contribute to the builders strike fund of 1859-60
3 separate donations of £1000
At its inception how many members did the ASE have
12000 members
What does “piecework” mean
The practice of paying workers according to what they produce rather than a set salary
What year was the London Trade council formed, what was it and how many members did it have by 1866
1860, sought to represent the working people of London in the absence of any other such body and by 1866 had more than 100,000 affiliates
Trades council
This was a grouping of local trade unions from a given geographical area that met together to promote the interests of their industry within that area
What year was the first Sheffield conference and how many people attended
1866, 138 delegates
What happened at the Manchester and Salford Trades council
Took place in June 1868, attended by 34 delegates representing more than 118,000 members of unions.
What does picket mean
Workers who stand outside the workplace during strikes to persuade others to join their cause
What is mutualism
The idea that well being is dependant upon people offering mutual support rather than seeking to gain advantage by competing against each other
Who was Robert Owen
He was a utopian socialist and in his new Lanark factory he educated the children through the first infant school in 1816, treated employees equally and with good working conditions
What was different about the working hours in New Lanark
No more than 12 hours, including a 1.5 hour meal break and the minimum age that children could work was 10.
What did Henry Hetherington form in 1821
A co operative and economical society
Who created the newspaper the co operator after 1827
William King
What were Labour Exchange Bazaars
Operated on a currency based on labour hours rather than monetary value. People exchanged goods they had made with credit notes to the value of how many hours it took them to make. They could then use their credit to buy goods with an equivalent value
What were the 2 main exchanges that were set up
- London in September 1832 called the National Equitable Labour Exchange
- Birmingham 1833
When were the Rochdale pioneers
1844
By 1863 how many co operative shops were there
332
When was the Co-operative wholesale society set up
1863
What was a friendly society
An organisation of men that came together to provide assistance and benefits for each other. They provided services like insurance, saving schemes, pensions and later loans
What percentage of the population were in a friendly society by 1803
8%
