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history TU 5 Union unity > union unity > Flashcards

union unity Flashcards

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1
Q

why were divisions bad

A

much easier for the government or employers to restrict the position of unions if workers were divided

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2
Q

skilled&unskilled

1860s unions that existed for

A

Skilled workers

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3
Q

skilled&unskilled

1860s unions ignore idea of ‘strength through numbers’

A

no unskilled/AA/women allowed to join

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4
Q

why is small membership bad

A

limits pressure workers can exert on employers/gov e.g. for wages/better working conditions

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5
Q

skilled&unskilled

division still evident during New Deal?

A

large number of unskilled workers still denied rights

organisations e.g. AFL more concerned with protecting and unifying skilled unions

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6
Q

skilled&unskilled

when could more solidarity be seen

A

1930s

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7
Q

skilled&unskilled

what happens in 1935

A

some unions break away from AFL

was more interested in skilled workers than unskilled workers

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8
Q

skilled&unskilled

splitting from AFL became

A

Congress of Industrial Organizations 1937

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9
Q

skilled&unskilled

splitting from AFL to form CIO =

A

unskilled workers given representation

establish unions in many of new mass-production industries

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10
Q

when did AFL merge with CIO AFL-CIO

A

1955

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11
Q

AFL-CIO
membership?
% of union membership unified?

A

16 million

85%

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12
Q

why did AFL CIO merge in 1955?

A

unions recognised greater solidarity = best way to protect their interest
ALSO changes in economy = workers under increasing pressure

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13
Q

Post ww2

change in American economy =

A

increase jobs in white collar industry

decrease in jobs in blue collar industry

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14
Q

post ww2

why does proportion of workers in unions fall

A

white collar workers less likely to join union

more willing to sign no strike agreements

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15
Q

post ww2

1960 % of workers in unions

A

31%

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16
Q

post ww2

why were white collar workers less interested in joining unions?

A

well paid

enjoyed benefits e.g. pensions and healthcare schemes

17
Q

post ww2
success of merger of AFL and CIO (60s)?
despite changes in economy…

A

AFL-CIO secure benefits for members e.g opportunities for workers to voice grievances

wages of union workers 20% higher than non union workers

18
Q

ethnic divisions

how did they empower employers

A

could exploit divisions and employ for low wages in poor conditions

19
Q

ethnic divisions

concern of white workers?

A

AA & european and asian immigrants

taking jobs/working for lower rates of pay

20
Q

ethnic divisions

concern of white workers =

A

unions don’t allow ethnic groups to join

especially in early period

21
Q

abolition of slavery =

A

many AA join industrial workforce

white workers unwilling to work with AA

22
Q

abolition of slavery

white workers refusal to work with AA =

A

employers lay off white workers and replace with AA at times of industrial unrest

23
Q

abolition of slavery

employers able to lay off white workers =

A

ability to strike limited - feared they’d be replaced

employers sack workers who attempt action=potential union leaders gone

24
Q

20th century

  1. why was it hard for porters to organise effective action during pullman strike of
  2. struggle for recognition of porters lasts until
A
  1. many affiliates of AFL excluded AA

2. 1937

25
Q

20th century

  1. how many immigrants arrive from Asia 1971-1990
  2. how did this weaken movement
A
  1. 2.5 million

2. willing to work for lower wages. less interested in unions

26
Q

Women’s Trade Union league WTUL

  1. when
  2. how was it brought into conflict with male TU
A
  1. 1903
  2. wanted 8 hour working day & minimum wage
    male TU thought it was their role to negotiate over such issues
27
Q

Women

WW2 =

A

dramatic increase of women in work force some joining unions

28
Q

Women

why number of women in TU increase in 1970s?

A

full time working women saw unions as a means of achieving childcare / paid maternity leave

29
Q

high tech industries later 70s and onwards =

A

benefit of welfare schemes = not as interested in joining union

history TU 5 Union unity (10 decks)

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