Unidad 9: Middle East, local scenarios in a regional context Flashcards
Reaction of Iran to the Arab Spring
Mixed, Iran had loudly touted its revolutionary credentials as the Ben Ali and Mubarak regimes fell in North Africa, but was silent when the uprising spread to Syria.
Syria and Iran
The Syrian regime had become Iran’s firmest ally in the wake of the 1979 revolution, so the collapse of the Assad dynasty would have dealt a considerable geopolitical blow to Iran.
Involvement of Iran in the Syrian civil war
This involvement pitted Iran against its long-term rival, Saudi Arabia, who interpreted Tehran’s role in Syria as a bold maneuver to seize regional hegemony and was committed to countering it
Rouhani presidency
He was widely hailed as a Reformist that could improve Iran’s
international position. As the former chief Iranian nuclear negotiator, he enjoyed a high profile on the international stage.
How is Rouhani described
He is a “regime insider,” deeply embedded in the Iranian political system. Rouhani was a key opponent of the Shah, having
spent time with Ayatollah Khomeini and former President Hashemi
Rafsanjani while they were in exile in Paris before the 1979 revolution.
Rouhani foreign policy
Rouhani set out an ambitious plan for foreign policy reform in the lead-up to the election that was defined by three inter-related themes: rebuilding the economy, resolving the nuclear issue, and ending Iran’s international isolation.
Economic recovery
Rebuilding the Iranian economy was Rouhani’s top priority. This would require not only dismantling international sanctions, but also
countering Iran’s reputation as an international pariah
Nuclear Issue
Resolving the nuclear issue has been the centerpiece of Rouhani’s
agenda. Resuming negotiations
and committing Iran to the interim agreement in November 2013.
International and Regional Re-engagement
Rouhani pledged to rebuild relations with countries near and
far, with Iran–US relationship as his top priority. Within two months of
inauguration, Rouhani had held a historic phone call with US President Barack Obama, becoming the first Iranian and US presidents to speak directly since the Iranian revolution in 1979. He told the World Economic Forum that “we
intend to re-open trade with all our neighbors … and begin cooperation.
Barriers to Success
The deteriorating situation in Syria, increased sectarian tensions across
the region, the persistent security challenges in Afghanistan, and the
hardening of Israel’s stance on Iran have combined to create an inhospitable environment for Rouhani’s planned détente. He has has faced powerful domestic detractors, particularly among
the Iranian Revolutionary Guards Corps (IRGC) and Iran’s conservative elite.
Rouhani and Syria
Iran’s continued support for Bashar al-Assad in Syria effectively undermined Rouhani’s
stated foreign policy goals of repairing Iran’s relations with its neighbors. Iran’s ongoing military and materiel support for the beleaguered Assad regime, especially after the failure of the Geneva II peace talks in January 2014, reaffirmed Iran’s image as pariah state in the region
and internationally. The worsening conflict, however, served the interests of hardliners in Iran, in particular the IRGC, who were running Iran’s Syria policy.In many ways, the IRGC’s response was
successful—Iran became one of the most effective actors in the fight
against ISIS, undertaking targeted airstrikes and backing Iraq’s militias
to take a lead in the fight
Whats the P5 + 1 (Alemania)
Es un grupo de seis potencias mundiales,1 que en 2006 se unieron a los esfuerzos diplomáticos con Irán respecto a su programa nuclear.
Relaciones irano-sauditas: antecedentes
Dif principal: AS es sunni e Iran chiita. Como regla general, Arabia Saudita ha mantenido una cierta animosidad contra los
chiitas, a quienes acusa de herejía, e Irán ha sabido explotar esa situación
Sunnitas y chiitas
Chiitas: visión más espiritual del Corán y otorgaron más poder a los clérigos
Sunnitas: desarrollaron una
estructura gubernativa vinculada al liderazgo militar, en estrecha relación con los valores religiosos.
Relaciones Iran e Irak
En la década de 1950, en Irak gobernaba la casa de los Hachemitas, rivales de la
dinastía Al-Saud. Al mismo tiempo, Irán estaba unido a Irak a través de un acuerdo militar, el Pacto de Bagdad. Post nacionalizacion del canal de Suez, Rusia se quiso acercar y EEUU para prevenir esto quiso acercar a AS al pacto de bagdad.