Unexpected Death or Disease Flashcards
Laryngeal chondritis
- definition
- CS (4)
- Tx (2)
-abscessation of the arytenoid cartilages in the larynx
CS:
- sever inspiratory dyspnoea
- open mouth breathing
- cyanosis
- painful larynx
Tx:
- short acting corticosteroids and high does of broad spec ABs (chorampheicol, fluquinolones
- tracheotomy
Struck
- agent
- CS (3)
- Dx (2)
- Cl .perfringens
- eneteritis, peritonitis, sudden death
Dx:
- PM findings: excessive fluid in pericardial, pleural and abdominal cavities, haemorrhagic enteritis
- ELISA positive for b toxin
Malignant oedema (bighead)
- agent(s)
- pathology
- risk
- Tx
cl. septicum, cl chauvoei, Cl. sordelli, Cl. novyi
- cellulitis causing massive facial swelling with oedema and gas production
- common in fighting tups
- Tx: hgih doses of parenternal penicillin for 2-4 days
Bracken poisoning
- when (2)
- CS (6)
- late summer/autumn
- prolonged ingestion required for signs to develop
CS:
- ill thrift
- exercise intolerance
- anaemia
- anorexia
- bright blindness: progressive retinal degeneration
- high incidence of neoplasms (carcinogenic!)
Rhododendron poisoning
- CS (4)
- Tx
CS:
- excessive salivation
- greenish froth around mouth and nose
- severe abdominal pain (retching)
- ataxia –> recumbency –> convulsions –> death
Tx: purgatives, supportive therapy : recovery 7-14 days
Brassica Poisoning
- what
- Toxic substances (5)
-forage rape and kale (common winter feeds for sheep)
Toxic substances:
- nitrates
- haemolytic anaemia factor
- photosensitive substances
- oxalates
- S and Mo
Bracken Nitrate Poisoning
- Action
- CS (4)
- Dx (2)
- Tx
combines heamoglobin –> methaemaglobin
CS:
- dyspnoea
- tachycardia
- muscle tremors
- brown MM –> cyanotic
Dx:
- PM
- high nitrite or nitrate concentrations in aqueous humour or CSF
Tx: methylene bleu IV & remove form source
Bracken Haemolysis
- action
- severity
- Dx
- Tx
s- methylcystein sulfoxide (SMCO) converted in rumen to dimethyl disulphide –> haemolysis
- severity depends on proprtion of SMCO content of crop
- -> small = poor growth rate
- - > large = anaemia, haemoglobinuria, death
Dx
- PM
- blood samples dark and watery
Tx: none
Ragwort poisoning
- Agent
- CS
- affected animals (most to least)
- pyrrolizidine alkaoids
- ill thrift and hepatic encephalopathy/ photosensitisation
- horse –> cattle –> sheep
Chronic copper poisoning
- CS (8)
- Dx (3)
- Tx (2)
CS:
- ataxia
- aimless wandering
- head pressing
- stupor
- jaundice
- haemoglobinuria
- anaemia
- death
Dx:
- serum Cu NOT helpful
- PM: carcase pale/jaundice
- Kidney Cu > 34mmol/kg CM
Tx:
- Cu antagonists (S and Mo)
- sodium calcium edetate
Acute Cu poisoning
CS:
- depression
- anorexia
- mucoid diarrhoea
- death (within 24 hours)
Chronic Lead poisoning CS (5)
- periodic fits
- anorexia
- emaciation
- poor repro performance
- bone abnormalities
Acute Lead poisoning CS (5)
- blindness (PLR still present)
- muscle tremor
- colice
- gastroenteritis
- staggering gait
Lead poisoning Dx
- blood levels (do not represent tissue levels though)
- wool in chronic poisoning
- haematology: normocytic, normochromic anaemia
- PM: kidney lead levels > 15mg/kg
