Problems with Neonates

Question 1

Watery Mouth

• how old
• predisposed
• CS (5)

Answer 1

-1-3 d/o lambs

• intensive door lambings
• 2nd and subsequent weeks of lambings
• depression/letharfy
• anorexia
• profuse salivation
• abdominal distention
• ±hypothermia

Question 2

Watery mouth

• pathogenesis
• treatment
• prevention

Answer 2

non-enterotoxigenic Ecoli is ingested > multiplies in intestine > endotoxaemia ± bacteremia

NSAIDs (flunixin 2.2.mg/kg IV)
oral dextose/electrolyte (50ml/kg every 6 hours)
IVFT
broad spec ABs

early colostrum
hygiene
prophylactic ABs (spectinomycin or neomycin/steptomycin)

Question 3

Neonatal Diarrhoea

-causes

Answer 3

ETEC
cryptosporidiosis
salmonellosis
enteric virus

Question 4

ETEC causing neonatal diarrhoea

• age
• pathogenesis
• frequency
• control

Answer 4

• attachement to intinal mucosa via K99 ±f41 adherence pili > produce heat stable enterotoxin STa > secretory diarrhoea
• uncommon but morbidity & mortality is high

control:

• hygiene
• colostrum
• isolate sick lambs

Question 5

Cyrptosporidiosis

• age
• CS (4)

Answer 5

-2-20 d/o

• acute, onset, profuse watery diarrhoea (occasionally blood tinged
• dehydration
• inappetence
• lethargy

Question 6

Cryptosporidiosis

-treament

Answer 6

• many recover after 5-7 days
• supportive fluids

move more susceptible lambs to cleaner environment
resistent to disinfectants
possible break out next year

ZOONOTIC (children)

Question 7

salmonellosis

-CS (7)

Answer 7

• Profuse, blood stained foetid-smelling diorrhoea
• Depression
• ± pyrexia, dehydration, dyspnoea
• rapid progression to recumbency/death

Question 8

salmonellosis

• strains
• treatment
• diagnosis

Answer 8

s. dublin or s. typhimurium NOTAFIABLE

-IVFT
-broad spec ABs
-NSAIDs
(poor prognosis)

bacteria culture on selective medium of faeces/tissues (pm)

Question 9

enteric virus

Answer 9

rotavirus/coronavirus

Question 10

lamb dystentry

• age
• CS (3)

Answer 10

2-3 weeks old

• acute abdominal pain
• ± nervous signs
• ± dysentary (semi-fluid, bloodstained faeces)

Question 11

lamb dysentry

• pathology
• diagnosis
• prevention

Answer 11

haemorrhagic enteritis
peritoneal fluid
mucosal ulceration
±focal symmetric encephalomalacia

history/CS
ELISA
bacteria culture (gram + rods)

VACCINATE!
prevent overcrowding

Question 12

Joint- ill: strep dysgalactiae

Answer 12

lambs <4weeks old (can start 5 days)

• stiff, weak lambs
• joint NOT enlarged
• atlanto-occipital joint commonly affected

Treatment:
high doses of penicillin/corticosteroids
get all lambs out of nursery if possible

Question 13

Joint ill: staph (tick pyaemia)

Answer 13

2-10 weeks old

lambs recently turned out onto pasture

Question 14

Joint ill: erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

Answer 14

2-6 months old

• lame/stiff
• pyrexic
• joints NOT swollen

Treatment:

• penicillin
• vaccines

Question 15

Spinal abscesses

• age
• where
• CS

Answer 15

sporadic occurrence in 4-12 week old lambs

abscess commonly at T2 & L3

lamb in ‘dog sitting posture’

Question 16

Meningitis

• age
• CS (7)
• Treatment

Answer 16

sporadic occurrence in 4-6 week old lambs

CS

• not suckling
• nystagmus
• episcleral congestion
• dorsal stabismus
• weakness/ataxia > depression/stupor
• hyperaesthesia
• pyrexia

Treatment
-NSAIDs
-ABs
(poor response)

Question 17

Border Disease

-CS (5)

Answer 17

• low birthweight
• limb abnormality (long fine bones with immobile joints)
• narrow head, short mandible with a domed skull
• nervous signs: tremor, ataxia, hypermetria
• hairy shakes: hairy and abnormally pigmented fleece

Question 18

Border Disease

-infection and outcome

Answer 18

pestivirus (similar BVDV)
infection <60 days of pregnancy
usually foetal death/resorption

Question 19

Iodine deficiency

Answer 19

• goitre

- scant wool