Unequal Flows Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Gini coefficient?

A

a measure of intra-country inequality given as a number between 0 and 1 (with 0 = completely equal and 1 = wealth owned by one person)

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2
Q

What is the Lorenz curve?

A

a curve showing the gini coefficient. It represent intra-country inequality in a graphical form

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3
Q

What are 3 causes of inequality?

A
  • wealth disparity
  • access to education
  • access to healthcare
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4
Q

What 2 things reinforce unequal flows?

A
  • ‘clubs’ : OECD and OPEC
  • patterns of FDI and trade
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5
Q

How does OECD reinforce unequal flows?

A
  • largest global economies
  • trade with each other
  • FDI flows from and to these countries
  • little money goes to supporting LICs
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6
Q

What does OECD stand for?

A

Organisation for economic cooperation and development

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7
Q

What are 4 patterns of FDI and trade?

A
  • natural resources
  • comparative advantage
  • outsourcing
  • market size
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8
Q

How might market size impact trade?

A

companies aiming for bigger markets of India and China. More trade to these nations, perhaps less need for trade from it as companies have large domestic markets

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9
Q

How might natural resources impact to trade/FDIs?

A

if have high value resource (OIL!), then have power and source of income

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10
Q

What is the OPEC?

A

organisation of petroleum exporting countries,
Saudi Arabia as lead, has power over other members and oil markets

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11
Q

How does outsourcing impact trade/FDIs?

A

companies send services over seas; investment into these (typically poorer) countries. Money is taxed resulting in wealth

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12
Q

How might the OECD promote unequal flows?

A
  • as HICs trade with other HICs or BRIC MINT countries
  • reduces trade with LICs and other NEEs which leave them stuck in Periphery
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13
Q

How does the migration rate in Uganda link to unequal flows?

A
  • less jobs and lower wages due to lower demand of primary product (Nile Perch)
  • people emigrate to other countries (Nigeria, SA)
  • -0.7%
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14
Q

What leads to debt in Uganda?

A

primary goods worth less than secondary goods, pay more money, lead to debt

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15
Q

How many Ugandans are directly employed by the fishing industry?

A

approximately 1 million

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16
Q

What alternative fish was introduced as stocks decreased? Why was this an issue?

A
  • Tilapia
  • an invasive species, disrupted food webs
  • was not in demand from HIC markets eg EU
17
Q

How does wealth disparity cause unequal flows?

A
  • HICs have income to invest in markets and industry
  • export high value products
  • LICs only export cheap products –> debt
  • enforces core-periphery model
18
Q

What are the UK’s main exports?

A
  • pharmaceuticals
  • research
  • financial services
19
Q

How does access to education cause unequal flows?

A
  • low literacy rate (Uganda = 78.2%)
  • as people migrate, less skilled
  • lower value remittances
  • stays as LIC
20
Q

What is the literacy rate in Uganda vs UK?

A

Uganda: 78.2%
UK: 96.4%

21
Q

How does access to healthcare cause unequal flows?

A
  • no access to drugs
  • lower workforce
  • healthcare too expensive
22
Q

What is the HIV rate in Uganda?

A

5.2%