Undustrialzation

Question 1

Bessemer process

Answer 1

process that produced steel more efficiently, which was more light and harder than iron. steel was used to construct skyscrapers in cities

Question 2

dynamo

Answer 2

electric generator (electricity replaced steam as dominant source of industrial power)

Question 3

assembly line

Answer 3

product moved along a conveyor belt with each worker responsible for a small task that would be repeated throughout the day

Question 4

interchangeable parts

Answer 4

identical components that could be used in place of one another: helped speed up production because a machine could be repaired more quickly and easily

Question 5

dynamite

Answer 5

helped increase the speed ad production of mining industries

Question 6

communication improved by…

Answer 6

telegraph, phone, radio

Question 7

corporations

Answer 7

businesses owned by many investors but treated by law as though it were one person

Question 8

stocks

Answer 8

shares of a business

Question 9

monopolies

Answer 9

when one company dominates an industry

Question 10

germ theory

Answer 10

theory that certain microbes or germs cause specific infectious diseases

Question 11

Louis Pasteur

Answer 11

showed link between microbes and disease, developed pasteurization and helped to form vaccines

Question 12

atomic theory

Answer 12

theory that all matter is made up of particles

Question 13

Charles darwin

Answer 13

Invented the Theory of Evolution (humans evolved from apes), and Theory of natural selection (that those species who have adapted best to their environment are selected to survive). his theories were controversial because they challenged the teachings of the Christian religion

Question 14

Social Darwinism

Answer 14

applied Darwin’s theories of survival of the fittest to war and economic competition . also encouraged racism.

Question 15

tenements

Answer 15

overcrowded apartments buildings

Question 16

slums

Answer 16

centers of cities

Question 17

cult of domesticity

Answer 17

idealized the role of women in the home

Question 18

suffrage

Answer 18

the right to vote

Question 19

temperance movement

Answer 19

campaign led by woman to limit or ban alcohol

Question 20

romanticism

Answer 20

rebelled against Enlightenment emphasis on reason and progress, glorified nature, sought to evoke, or draw out, strong emotions in its audience

Question 21

realism

Answer 21

attempted to represent the world as it really was, focused on the harsh side of life in cities or villages & on ordinary subjects (like working class men and women), sought to improve the lives of its subjects