Understanding Victims and Restorative Justice - James Dignan

Question 1

What is the name of this book

Answer 1

understanding victims and restorative justice

Question 2

What is the Authors name

Answer 2

James Dignan

Question 3

James Dignan

Answer 3

Professor of Criminology and Restorative Justice at the University of Sheffield

Question 4

What is the GOAL of the Welfare Model

Answer 4

Help for Victims

Question 5

What is the GOAL of the Criminal Justice Model

Answer 5

Punishment of offender; right of acknowledgment for victims

Question 6

What is the FOCUS of the Welfare Model

Answer 6

Exclusively Victim Focused

Question 7

What is the FOCUS of the Criminal Justice Model

Answer 7

Mostly offender oriented; some concessions for victims

Question 8

What is the Process employed by the Criminal Justice Model

Answer 8

Adversarial trial procedure

Question 9

What are the GOALS of Victim-offender mediation

Answer 9

Accountability, reparation, empowerment of victims and offenders, reconciliation

Question 10

What are the GOALS of Family group conferencing

Answer 10

Accountability, reparation, empowerment of “offence community”

Question 11

which three elements form the basis of James Dignan’s framework

Answer 11

goals, focus and process - says they fall on a continuum based on that interpretation, with just victim-offender mediation on one end and on the other, community as is the case in many forms of “conferencing” - beyond parties directly affected

Question 12

What are popular conceptions of victims

Answer 12

individuals, cites Oxford English Dictionary

Question 13

Primary Victimization

Answer 13

comprises whatever interaction may have taken place during the offense between victim and offender

Question 14

Welfare Model

Answer 14

various services and benefits to victims of crimes by means of agencies and procedures that have specifically set up for the victim. they operate independently from the criminal justice system
victim support

Question 15

compensation

Answer 15

criminal injuries compensation scheme introduced in England and Wales in 1964 - victims unable to afford financial reparation - risk sharing

Question 16

Weaknesses of Welfare in UK

Answer 16

criminal injuries compensation scheme not perfect. eligibility criteria.

family exclusion clause - domestic assault

minimum award threshold at 1000 pounds, denied to minor offenses

Question 17

Ideal Victim

Answer 17

Christie’s Ideal Victim

Question 18

over half of crimes are

Answer 18

not reported to the police

Question 19

90 percent of recorded crime is brought to the attention of the police by

Answer 19

victims or those acting on behalf of victims

Question 20

era of disenfranchisement

Answer 20

began during the early part of the 19th century at the same time the state began to assume primary responsibility for the prosecution of offenders instead of leaving it up to victims

crime viewed as an offense against the state and society rather than the victim
-limited redress- can get through private means

Question 21

role of victim in traditional criminal justice system

Answer 21

purveyor of evidence

Question 22

other variant of victim impact statement

Answer 22

victim opinion statement - share their views concerning their preferred outcome relating to sentencing - allowed in some parts of the US

Question 23

What piece of legislation said that “crown prosecutor, magistrates, and judges will take information from the victim into account when making decisions”

Answer 23

the Victim Charter updated in 1996 - also taken into account for parole hearings

Question 24

Where did Victim Offender Mediation programs originate

Answer 24

originated out of Kitchener, Ontario in 1974. Mennonites had a strong footing there and valued reconciliation between victims and offenders

Question 25

Victim Offender Mediation accounts for BLANK of all restorative justice programs in the US

Answer 25

over half

Question 26

Sentencing circle

Answer 26

form of restorative justice

a sentencing circle to formulate a consensus to what happened, to identify the harm caused by an offense, and devise an appropriate sentencing plan

the judge can retain the role to sentence and veto

Question 27

healing circle

Answer 27

form of restorative justice

a healing circle specifically for the victim
a healing circle specifically for the offender