Understanding Victims and Restorative Justice - James Dignan Flashcards
What is the name of this book
understanding victims and restorative justice
What is the Authors name
James Dignan
James Dignan
Professor of Criminology and Restorative Justice at the University of Sheffield
What is the GOAL of the Welfare Model
Help for Victims
What is the GOAL of the Criminal Justice Model
Punishment of offender; right of acknowledgment for victims
What is the FOCUS of the Welfare Model
Exclusively Victim Focused
What is the FOCUS of the Criminal Justice Model
Mostly offender oriented; some concessions for victims
What is the Process employed by the Criminal Justice Model
Adversarial trial procedure
What are the GOALS of Victim-offender mediation
Accountability, reparation, empowerment of victims and offenders, reconciliation
What are the GOALS of Family group conferencing
Accountability, reparation, empowerment of “offence community”
which three elements form the basis of James Dignan’s framework
goals, focus and process - says they fall on a continuum based on that interpretation, with just victim-offender mediation on one end and on the other, community as is the case in many forms of “conferencing” - beyond parties directly affected
What are popular conceptions of victims
individuals, cites Oxford English Dictionary
Primary Victimization
comprises whatever interaction may have taken place during the offense between victim and offender
Welfare Model
various services and benefits to victims of crimes by means of agencies and procedures that have specifically set up for the victim. they operate independently from the criminal justice system
victim support
compensation
criminal injuries compensation scheme introduced in England and Wales in 1964 - victims unable to afford financial reparation - risk sharing
Weaknesses of Welfare in UK
criminal injuries compensation scheme not perfect. eligibility criteria.
family exclusion clause - domestic assault
minimum award threshold at 1000 pounds, denied to minor offenses
Ideal Victim
Christie’s Ideal Victim
over half of crimes are
not reported to the police
90 percent of recorded crime is brought to the attention of the police by
victims or those acting on behalf of victims
era of disenfranchisement
began during the early part of the 19th century at the same time the state began to assume primary responsibility for the prosecution of offenders instead of leaving it up to victims
crime viewed as an offense against the state and society rather than the victim
-limited redress- can get through private means
role of victim in traditional criminal justice system
purveyor of evidence
other variant of victim impact statement
victim opinion statement - share their views concerning their preferred outcome relating to sentencing - allowed in some parts of the US
What piece of legislation said that “crown prosecutor, magistrates, and judges will take information from the victim into account when making decisions”
the Victim Charter updated in 1996 - also taken into account for parole hearings
Where did Victim Offender Mediation programs originate
originated out of Kitchener, Ontario in 1974. Mennonites had a strong footing there and valued reconciliation between victims and offenders
Victim Offender Mediation accounts for BLANK of all restorative justice programs in the US
over half
Sentencing circle
form of restorative justice
a sentencing circle to formulate a consensus to what happened, to identify the harm caused by an offense, and devise an appropriate sentencing plan
the judge can retain the role to sentence and veto
healing circle
form of restorative justice
a healing circle specifically for the victim
a healing circle specifically for the offender
