Understanding Vaccines Flashcards
The 1st inoculation was created in __ by ___
1790; Dr. Edward Jenner
differentiates self from non-self; neutralizes potentially pathogenic organisms or substances
antibodies
create antibodies against invading pathogen
memory cells
when they become aware of the infected cells’ specific characteristics, they mount an attack; destroy virus or release a protein the seeks out infected host cells
T-cells
How vaccines work? (3 steps)
- use a safe version of disease causing organism/protein
- creates an immune response
- must contain actual antigen to stimulate antibody production w/o causing symptoms
virus that has no chance of becoming virulent but weak; example?
Killed virus; Rabies
Virus has been modified from original state but is living; milder & less virulent
modified live virus
4 types of viruses
Killed, modified live, live vectored, subunit
boost the immune response and expose body to foreign protein for as long as possible
adjuvant
contain strands of DNA coding from the genes of selected organism; West Nile virus
Deoxyribonucleic Acid Vaccine
AAHA stands for?
American Animal Hospital Association
What are the core vaccines for dogs vs cats?
dog: rabies, distemper
cat: rabies, FVRCP (distemper)
What is Rabies?
a fatal virus that effects the gray matter of the brain and its central nervous system; can be transmitted to humans; required by state law for both dogs and cats
What is FVRCP?
Distemper for felines; protects against feline viral rhinotracheitis (herpes virus), calicivirus (URI, painful ulcers in oral cavity), and panleukopenia (feline distemper caused by parvo virus)
What is FeLV?
Feline leukemia; potentially fatal virus that suppresses the immune system; can be passed from cat to cat through saliva and blood
What is distemper in canines?
vaccine that protects against distemper (spread through secretions), adenovirus (attacks liver/kidneys), parainfluenza (attacks respiratory system, highly contagious, common symptom is kennel cough), and parvovirus (catch from ingesting infected feces, causes vomiting and profuse diarrhea)
What is CIV?
Canine influenza; the canine influenza virus can cause serious/fatal respiratory disease; highly contagious; often required by boarding and grooming facilities
Bordetella vaccine
common cause of “kennel cough” that is potentially difficult to treat; vaccine can be given via injection, intranasal drop or orally
Leptospirosis vaccine
a potentially fatal bacterial infection acquired from being exposed to wildlife that reproduces in kidneys and liver ; can spread to humans; passed through the urine of infected animals and commonly found in standing water, creeks, soggy land, and ponds
Heartworm disease (in dogs)
passed to dogs from infected mosquitoes; heartworm test is required annually to refill heartworm preventatives
What preventative is provided for cats at Pet Wellness and what does it protect against?
Revolution Plus; lasts 12 months; protects against flea, tick, and heartworm
What preventatives are provided for dogs at Pet Wellness, and what do they protect?
Simparica: 6mo worth; flea and tick
Simparica Trio: 6mo worth; flea, tick, and heartworm
Pro-heart injection: protects against heartworm, must wait at least a year due to weight restriction; not recommended for puppies/kittens
Lyme vaccination
Lyme disease is a tick-transmitted disease that causes inflammation of the joints, as well as damage to the kidney, heart and nervous system
What does AAFP stand for?
American Association of Feline Practitioners
FIP vaccine
Feline Infectious Peritonitis; not recommended vaccine; caused by coronavirus where %35-75 of cats will be infected; causes fluid buildup in abdominal cavity, weight loss and fever
