Understanding The Self Flashcards
Genes and hereditary factors.
Nature
Environmental variables.
Nurture
Changes in the body, brain, motor skills, senses, and the wellness of an individual.
Physical Development
Transfer of genes or physical traits from parents to children.
Heredity
Diseases and illnesses are also transmitted which affect child’s physical development. (T or F)
True
A factor in physical development when nearing puberty, boys and girls grow and develop in different ways.
Gender
A factor in physical development when a child needs a proper and well-nourished environment for proper development.
Environment
A factor in physical development in context of childhood, exercise does not refer to working out but to playtime activities and games that help the body develop muscular strength.
Health and Exercise
Proper nutrition is necessary because it builds and repairs the body. (T or F)
True
Lack of proper nutrition cannot cause a deficiency among children. (T or F)
False
7 Factors Affecting Physical Development
Heredity, Gender, Environment, Health and Exercise, Nutrition, Hormones, Socio-economic Status
A period when most physical development takes place.
Childhood
Biggest concern of today, especially in our local communities, and how society perceives us.
Body Image
A platform that reinforces strong views on how we should look, that we as individuals tend to believe others’ opinions and thoughts on our appearance.
Media
A system of faith or worship that influences the way a person thinks, views, and interacts with the world.
Religion
Two near-universal themes of most religions.
How to behave on Earth, and what to expect when we die
Religion, with its beliefs, practices, rituals, prayers, and spiritual exercises, can be a wonderful means through which one can explore one’s spirituality and develop spiritually. (T or F)
True
Teachings of Islam
Belief in One God, Belief in Angels, Belief in Prophets of God, Belief in Revealed Books of God, Belief in Day of Judgment, Belief in Destiny and Divine Decree
Biggest sin in Islam.
Worship other beings with God.
God created unseen beings called
Angels
Main message of all prophets.
There is only One true God
God’s final revelation revealed to Prophet Muhammad and has been fully preserved.
Qur’an
Life of this world and all that is in it will not come to an end on an appointed day. (T or F)
False
The goal of Buddhism.
To become enlightened and reach nirvana.
The goal of Buddhism.
To become enlightened and reach nirvana.
The highest state that someone can attain, a state of enlightenment.
Nirvana
Founder of Judaism and monotheism (there is only one God).
Abraham
Born in Egypt, and engraved on two stone tablets called The Ten Commandments.
Moses
Became the basis of civil and religious laws in the Jewish faith.
The Ten Commandments
Son of King David who built the Great Temple for the people to worship God.
King Solomon
Son of Abraham and Sarah who was sacrificed.
Isaac
Son of Isaac.
Jacob
Channel between God and Hebrews.
Moses
Successor of Moses and Bible’s most famous warrior.
Joshua
First king of Jerusalem and established it as capital of the nation.
David
Eleventh son of Jacob by Rachel.
Joseph
A problematic situation in which a difficult choice must be made.
Dilemma
Determines what is right and what is wrong, and distinguishes appropriate from inappropriate.
Moral
System of beliefs and values that ensures that individuals will keep their obligations to others in the society and behave in ways that do not interfere with the rights and interests of others.
Morality
Judgments people make about what courses of action are correct or incorrect in particular situations.
Moral reasoning
Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development
Sensorimotor Stage, Preoperational Stage, Concrete Operations Stage, Formal Operations Stage
The stage wherein the child learns to use symbols like words or mental images to solve simple problems.
Sensorimotor stage
The stage wherein the child develops the ability to perform a number of logical operations on concrete objects that are present.
Concrete operations stage
The stage wherein the child learns to use symbols like words or mental images to solve simple problems.
Preoperational stage
The stage wherein the individual acquires the ability to solve abstract problems in a logical manner.
Formal operations stage
Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Reasoning
Pre-conventional morality level (pleasure or pain orientation, cost-benefit orientation), Conventional morality level (good-child orientation, law and order orientation), Post-conventional morality level (social contract orientation, ethical principle orientation, cosmic orientation)
A level in moral reasoning wherein children don’t have a personal code of morality and reasoning is based on the physical consequences.
Preconventional morality level
A level in moral reasoning wherein it internalize the moral standards of valued adult role models and reasoning is based on the norms of the group to which the person belongs.
Conventional morality level
A level in moral reasoning wherein individual judgment is based on self-chosen principles, and moral reasoning is based on individual rights and justice.
Principled or post-conventional morality level
A stage in moral reasoning wherein the reason for moral behavior is to avoid pain, punishment, and getting caught.
Pleasure/pain orientation
A stage in moral reasoning wherein the reason for moral behavior is to get rewards.
Cost-Benefit orientation; reciprocity
A stage in moral reasoning wherein the reason for moral behavior is to gain acceptance and avoid disapproval.
Good-child orientation
A stage in moral reasoning wherein the reason for moral behavior is to follow rules and avoid censure by authorities.
Law and order orientation
A stage in moral reasoning wherein the reason for moral behavior is to promote the welfare of society.
Social contract orientation
A stage in moral reasoning wherein the reason for moral behavior is to achieve justice and avoid self-condemnation.
Ethical principle orientation
A stage in moral reasoning wherein the reason for moral behavior is to be true to universal principles and feel oneself that transcends social norms.
Cosmic orientation
According to Philippine Constitution (1987), Filipino Citizens are
- Fathers or mothers are citizen of the Philippines.
- Born before January 17, 1973, Filipino mothers elect Philippine citizenship upon reaching the age of majority.
- Who are naturalized in accordance with law.
A Filipino trait wherein we warmly welcome our friends, guests and relatives as if they are part of our own immediately family members.
Filipino Hospitality
Part of Filipino culture is the use of “mano po”, “po” and “opo” when greeting or conversing with elders.
Respect for elders
Filipinos love to celebrate and see each other during reunions, birthdays, holidays, fiestas, etc.
Close family ties
Nursing homes are considered to be the best option for treating their parents and grandparents. (T or F)
False
Smiling and humor are effective coping strategies for Filipinos in times of trouble, calamity and tragedy. (T or F)
True
Filipinos are cheerful and smiles a lot, no matter what we are feeling inside. It makes their day better.
Cheerful Personalities
Extension of the Filipino culture of hospitality. Filipinos extend and go out of their shells in order to help their friends, families and loved ones
Self-sacrifice
Spirit of communal unity of cooperation among the members in the community.
Bayanihan
Filipino version of “Hakuna Matata”, means no worries.
“Bahala Na” Attitude
Filipinos tend to buy foreign products instead patronizing our own products and creations.
Colonial mentality
Procrastination. Some important things should have been done immediately but Filipinos love it to do on a later time.
Manana Habit
A Filipino attitude for passionately doing things at first but loosing eagerness when encounter difficulty.
Ningas Kugon
It is more precious to them than keeping a good relationship with friends and loved ones.
Pride
One is not happy of the achievement of one another, pulling each other down.
Crab mentality
Filipinos usually arrive late for a celebration especially if they are meeting to someone who are closed to them.
Filipino Time
Hallmarks of Being a Filipino
Proverbs, Myths and Legends, Superstitions, Heroes and Icons
Composed of sayings and quotations that portrays lessons and reflections about Filipino culture, tradition and way of life.
Proverbs or Salawikain
Different beliefs that are passed from past generations.
Superstitions
Usually contain origin of things that teach a valuable and important lesson.
Myths and Legends
Filipino people who became reminders of patriotism and nationalism because they sacrificed their lives for our country’s independence and progress.
Heroes and Icons
Defined the formation of a digital self among individuals.
Social media
A decoy we use to conceal our real self.
Digital self
Father of American psychology, “each individual possesses personalities according to his/her current situation which reveals his/her digital identity.”
William James
