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Theme 1: The Alimentary System > Understanding the peritoneal cavity > Flashcards

Understanding the peritoneal cavity Flashcards

1
Q

Endoderm forms

A

Majority of gut, including most of epithelium and glands of digestive tract

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2
Q

Mesoderm forms

A

Muscular layers

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3
Q

Ectoderm forms

A

Epithelium at extremities of tract (cranial and caudal)

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4
Q

The primitive gut

A

Formed as a result of two folds:

  • cranial- caudal
  • lateral- back to from

At 4 weeks the cranial and caudal ends are still closed by membranes:

  • bucco- pharyngeal
  • cloacal
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5
Q

Gut divisions

A

Foregut

Midgut

Hindgut

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6
Q

Foregut fate

A

Oesophagus

Stomach

Proximal hald duodenum

Liver

Pancreas

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7
Q

Midgut fate

A

Distal hald duodenum

Jejunum

Ileum

Cecum

Asc. + 3/4 transv colon

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8
Q

Hindgut fate

A

1/4 transv + desc + sigmoid colon and rectum

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9
Q

Peritoneum and mesentery

A

Mesentery formed by a double layer of peritoneum

Dorsal or ventral according to its relative position with respect to gut tube

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10
Q

Mesentery

A

Suspends gut organs

Pathway for blood, innervation, lymphatics etc to reach the gut

Ventral mesentery degenerates during development, except for foregut

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11
Q

Dorsal mesentery

A

Attaches gut organs to posterior abdominal wall

Gives rise to

  • gastrosplenic ligament
  • lienorenal ligament
  • greater omentum
  • mesentery of small and large intestine
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12
Q

Ventral mesentery

A

At foregut region only, it gives rise to

  • ligaments around the liver
  • falciform ligament
  • lesser omentum
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13
Q

Lesser omentum

A

Attaches lesser curvature stomach to back of liver

Has a free edge

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14
Q

Abdomen

A

Trunk below diaphragm

Abdominal cavity occasionally called abdominopelvic

Greater pelvis is continuous with less pelvis

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15
Q

Abdomen wall (external)

A

Flat abdominal muscles

Lumbar vertebral column

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16
Q

External oblique

A

From: outer surface of lower eight ribs

To: linea alba, iliac crest, pubic tubercle

17
Q

Internal oblique

A

From: lat 1/3 inguinal ligament and ant 2/3 of iliac crest

To: linea alba, costal margin, crest of pubic bone

18
Q

Transverse abdominus

A

From: lat 1/3 inguinal ligaments, int surface lower 6 ribs, iliac crest

To: linea alba, crest of pubic bone

19
Q

Rectus abdominis

A

From: pubic symphysis and crest

To: xiphoid process, 5th-7th costal cartilages

20
Q

Blood supply/ drainage of muscle ant abd wall

A

Arteries: sup and inf epigastric, intercostal, circumflex iliac

Veins: thoracoepigastric

21
Q

Innervation of muscles ant abd wall

A

Thoracoabdominal nerves

also thoracic and subcostal nerves for rectus abdominis

22
Q

Function of external obliques

A

Work with int obl for torsional movement of trunk

23
Q

Function of internal obliques

A

Flex and rotate trunk

Compress viscera

24
Q

Function of transverse abdominals

A

Compress and support viscera

25
Q

Function of rectus abdominals

A

Flexes trunk

Compress viscera

26
Q

Lesser/ greater sacs

A

Formed as a result of organ rotation

Lesser sac behind stomach

Rest of peritoneal cavity- greater sac

Communicate via the epiploic foramen

27
Q

Inguinal canal

A

Serves as passageway for the

  • spermatic cord to reach the scrotum in male
  • the round ligament of the uterus to reach the labia majora in female

Limited by the superficial and deep inguinal rings

For both genders the genital nerve and other blood and lymphatic vessels also travel through this canal

Considerably larger in males

28
Q

Spermatic cord consists of

A
  • vas deferens
  • gonadal vessels
  • nerves
  • lymphatics
  • the cremaster muscle
29
Q

3 layers of the sleeve/ covering the spermatic cord takes as it passes through the abdominal wall

A
  • transversalis fascia
  • internal oblique
  • external oblique
30
Q

Transversalis fascia

A

Contributes the innermost covering of the spermatic cord

The internal spermatic fascia

31
Q

Internal oblique

A

Contributes the middle covering layer to the cord

The cremasteric fascia

32
Q

External oblique

A

Contributes the outer covering of the cord

The external spermatic fascia

Theme 1: The Alimentary System (16 decks)

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