Abdomen contents Flashcards
Anatomical subdivisions
Right hypochondriac Epigastric Left hypochondriac Right lumbar Umbilical Left lumbar Right inguinal Hypogastric Left inguinal
Contents of the right upper abdomen
- Right lobe of liver
- Gallbladder
- Duodenum
- Head of pancreas
- Hepatic flexure of colon
- Part of ascending and transverse colon
Contents of the left upper abdomen
- Stomach
- Spleen
- Left lobe of liver
- Body of pancreas
- Splenic flexure of colon
- Part of transverse and descending colon
Contents of the right lower abdomen
- Cecum
- Appendix
- Ascending colon
- Small intestine
Contents of the left lower abdomen
- Small intestine
- Descending colon
- Sigmoid colon
Serous
The outer membrane
Encloses several body cavities
Secretes a lubricating fluid
Outer epithelial layer and inner layer
Muscular
Longitudinal or circular
Responsible for movement of lumen contents
Mucosal
Inner layer
Lines internal organs or cavities exposed to external environment
Secrete mucus
Also involved in absorption
GI tract divisions
Oral cavity
Pharynx
Oesophagus
Stomach
Small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum)
Large intestine (colon)
Teeth
Accessory organs
Assist mechanical digestion
Palate
Roof of mouth
Soft palate blocks nasal cavity during swallowing
Tongue
Accessory organ
Taste
Assist mixing
Swallowing
Salivary glands
Secretion of saliva
Dissolve foods
Pharynx
Directs food to oesophagus
Blocks entry to trachea
Oesophagus
Muscular tube ~ 25cm long
Posterior to trachea
Upper edge- pharynx
Pierces diaphragm
Opens to stomach
Stomach
Gaster
Most dilated part of the alimentary canal
Between oesophagus and small intestine
J-shaped: lies under the diaphragm and under the heart
2 openings, curvatures, surfaces
Mechanical and chemical digestion
Stomach anatomy
Cardial orifice- link to oesophagus
Pyloric orifice- link the small intestine
Lesser curvature (superior border)
Greater curvature (inferior border)
Pyloric and cardial sphincters
3- layered muscles: longitudinal, circular, oblique
Small intestine
Convoluted tube
Pylorus of stomach to ileocaecal junction
5 meters in length
Subdivided into: duodenum, jejunum, ileum
Where digestion and absorption take place
Dueodenum
‘12 fingers’ or 20-25 cm long
Retroperitoneal
C shaped 4 parts: superior, descending, horizontal, ascending
Where the duct from the pancreas and gallbladder open
Ends at the duodenal- jejunal flexure
Jejunum/ ileum
At least 3m long from duodenal- jejunal flxure to ileocaecal junction
Site of absoprtion: large surface area, folds, villi, microvilli
Motility: one attached and one free edge
Large intestine
Terminal division of the GI tract from ileum to anus
1.5m long, greater cross section compared to small
M-shaped 4 parts: ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid
Ascending/ desscending are retroperitoneal
Absorption of water form faeces
Rectum/ anus- sphincter cose outside world except when defecating
Foregut blood/ nerves/ lymph
Artery: celiac Vein: portal Lymph: celiac nodes Symp: celiac ganglia Parasymp: vagus
Midgut blood/ nerves/ lymph
Artery: sup mesenteric Vein: sup mesenteric Lymph: sup mesenteric nodes Symp: sup mesenteric ganglia Parasymp: vagus
Hindgut blood/ nerves/ lymph
Artery: inf mesenteric Vein: inf mesenteric Lymph: inf mesenteric nodes Symp: inf mesenteric ganglia Parasymp: pelvic splanchnic
Branches of sup mesenteric
Distal part duodenum to proximal 2/3 transverse colon
Jejunal and ileal branches
Middle colic
Right colic
Ileocaecal
Branches of inf mesenteric
Distal 1/3 transverse colon to half way down anal canal
Left colic
Sigmoid
Superior rectal
