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Theme 1: The Alimentary System > Abdomen contents > Flashcards

Abdomen contents Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomical subdivisions

A 
Right hypochondriac
Epigastric
Left hypochondriac
Right lumbar
Umbilical
Left lumbar
Right inguinal 
Hypogastric
Left inguinal
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2
Q

Contents of the right upper abdomen

A
  1. Right lobe of liver
  2. Gallbladder
  3. Duodenum
  4. Head of pancreas
  5. Hepatic flexure of colon
  6. Part of ascending and transverse colon
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3
Q

Contents of the left upper abdomen

A
  1. Stomach
  2. Spleen
  3. Left lobe of liver
  4. Body of pancreas
  5. Splenic flexure of colon
  6. Part of transverse and descending colon
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4
Q

Contents of the right lower abdomen

A
  1. Cecum
  2. Appendix
  3. Ascending colon
  4. Small intestine
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5
Q

Contents of the left lower abdomen

A
  1. Small intestine
  2. Descending colon
  3. Sigmoid colon
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6
Q

Serous

A

The outer membrane

Encloses several body cavities

Secretes a lubricating fluid

Outer epithelial layer and inner layer

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7
Q

Muscular

A

Longitudinal or circular

Responsible for movement of lumen contents

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8
Q

Mucosal

A

Inner layer

Lines internal organs or cavities exposed to external environment

Secrete mucus

Also involved in absorption

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9
Q

GI tract divisions

A

Oral cavity

Pharynx

Oesophagus

Stomach

Small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum)

Large intestine (colon)

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10
Q

Teeth

A

Accessory organs

Assist mechanical digestion

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11
Q

Palate

A

Roof of mouth

Soft palate blocks nasal cavity during swallowing

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12
Q

Tongue

A

Accessory organ

Taste

Assist mixing

Swallowing

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13
Q

Salivary glands

A

Secretion of saliva

Dissolve foods

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14
Q

Pharynx

A

Directs food to oesophagus

Blocks entry to trachea

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15
Q

Oesophagus

A

Muscular tube ~ 25cm long

Posterior to trachea

Upper edge- pharynx

Pierces diaphragm

Opens to stomach

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16
Q

Stomach

A

Gaster

Most dilated part of the alimentary canal

Between oesophagus and small intestine

J-shaped: lies under the diaphragm and under the heart

2 openings, curvatures, surfaces

Mechanical and chemical digestion

17
Q

Stomach anatomy

A

Cardial orifice- link to oesophagus

Pyloric orifice- link the small intestine

Lesser curvature (superior border)

Greater curvature (inferior border)

Pyloric and cardial sphincters

3- layered muscles: longitudinal, circular, oblique

18
Q

Small intestine

A

Convoluted tube

Pylorus of stomach to ileocaecal junction

5 meters in length

Subdivided into: duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Where digestion and absorption take place

19
Q

Dueodenum

A

‘12 fingers’ or 20-25 cm long

Retroperitoneal

C shaped 4 parts: superior, descending, horizontal, ascending

Where the duct from the pancreas and gallbladder open

Ends at the duodenal- jejunal flexure

20
Q

Jejunum/ ileum

A

At least 3m long from duodenal- jejunal flxure to ileocaecal junction

Site of absoprtion: large surface area, folds, villi, microvilli

Motility: one attached and one free edge

21
Q

Large intestine

A

Terminal division of the GI tract from ileum to anus

1.5m long, greater cross section compared to small

M-shaped 4 parts: ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid

Ascending/ desscending are retroperitoneal

Absorption of water form faeces

Rectum/ anus- sphincter cose outside world except when defecating

22
Q

Foregut blood/ nerves/ lymph

A 
Artery: celiac
Vein: portal
Lymph: celiac nodes
Symp: celiac ganglia
Parasymp: vagus
23
Q

Midgut blood/ nerves/ lymph

A 
Artery: sup mesenteric
Vein: sup mesenteric
Lymph: sup mesenteric nodes
Symp: sup mesenteric ganglia
Parasymp: vagus
24
Q

Hindgut blood/ nerves/ lymph

A 
Artery: inf mesenteric
Vein: inf mesenteric
Lymph: inf mesenteric nodes
Symp: inf mesenteric ganglia
Parasymp: pelvic splanchnic
25
Q

Branches of sup mesenteric

A

Distal part duodenum to proximal 2/3 transverse colon

Jejunal and ileal branches

Middle colic

Right colic

Ileocaecal

26
Q

Branches of inf mesenteric

A

Distal 1/3 transverse colon to half way down anal canal

Left colic

Sigmoid

Superior rectal

Theme 1: The Alimentary System (16 decks)

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