Understanding Student Learning

Question 1

“Learning is the acquisition of new behavior or the strengthening or weakening of old behavior.”

Answer 1

Henry Smith, 1962

Question 2

The term “_____” covers every modification in behavior to meet environmental requirements. -_____, 1968

Answer 2

learning, Gardner Murphy

Question 3

Provide a basis to understand how people learn and a way to explain, describe, analyze, and predict learning

Answer 3

Learning theories

Question 4

Help educators make more informed decisions around the design, development, and delivery of learning

Answer 4

Learning theories

Question 5

Describe how students absorb, process, and retain knowledge during learning

Answer 5

Learning theories

Question 6

Caused by an external stimulus, thus, this theory focuses on learner’s observable behaviors

Answer 6

Behaviorism (Skinner)

Question 7

Lecture-based, highly-structured, and entails rewards and punishments

Answer 7

Behaviorism (Skinner)

Question 8

Critiques of this theory regard it as passive and teacher-centric, one size fits all, knowledge is spoon-fed and absolute, it involves programmed instruction and entails teacher-proofing, it does not account for processes that take place in the learner’s mind, and which cannot be observed

Answer 8

Behaviorism (Skinner)

Question 9

Behaviorism operates on a principles of “_____”

Answer 9

Stimulus-response

Question 10

Combination of stimuli to produce a response

Answer 10

Classical conditioning (Pavlov)

Question 11

consequences lead to changes in voluntary behavior; it is about reinforcement & punishment

Answer 11

Operant conditioning (Skinner)

Question 12

Came about in response to behaviorism where learning involves storing and connecting symbols in a meaningful and memorable way

Answer 12

Cognitivism (Piaget & Bruner)

Question 13

Characterized by inquiry-based oriented projects, opportunities for testing hypotheses so curiously is highly encouraged, and learning involves stage scaffolding

Answer 13

Cognitivism (Piaget & Bruner)

Question 14

Knowledge itself is also given as absolute and therefore may not account for individuality

Answer 14

Cognitivism (Piaget & Bruner)

Question 15

Little emphasis on the affective aspect of learning and therefore, and is also described as mechanistic and deterministic

Answer 15

Cognitivism (Piaget & Bruner)

Question 16

Argues that the black box of the mind should be opened and understood

Answer 16

Cognitivism (Piaget & Bruner)

Question 17

In cognitivism, learners are viewed as _____

Answer 17

An information processor; like a computer

Question 18

Focused on the mental processes that facilitate symbol connection

Answer 18

Cognitivism

Question 19

Cognitivism account enough for individuality. It puts little emphasis on affective characteristics.

Which statement is true?

Answer 19

2nd statement. Cognitivism DOES NOT account enough for individuality

Question 20

An inquiry-based, constructivist learning theory that takes place in problem solving situations

Answer 20

Discovery learning (Bruner)

Question 21

Learners draws on his or her own past experience and existing knowledge to discover facts and relationships and new truths to be learned

Answer 21

Discovery learning (Bruner)

Question 22

Students may be more likely to remember concepts and knowledge discovered on their own

Answer 22

Discovery learning (Bruner)

Question 23

expository, narrative, skimming, graphic organizer

Answer 23

Advance organizers of mearningful verbal learning

Question 24

Grew out of cognitivism where learning takes place through observations and sensorial experience

Answer 24

Social Learning Theory (Bandura)

Question 25

Critics say that this learning theory does not take into the account the individuality of the learner, the context, and the experience

Answer 25

Social Learning Theory (Bandura)

Question 26

Students become passive receivers of sensory stimuli and emotions and motivations are not considered important or connected to learning

Answer 26

Social Learning Theory (Bandura)

Question 27

What is the focus of social learning theory by Bandura?

Answer 27

Observational and sensorial experiences

Question 28

In the social learning theory, ______ is the sincerest form of flattery

Answer 28

imitation

Question 29

"What the children sees in the media, the children does.”

Answer 29

Social learning theory (Bandura)

Question 30

Knowledge is actively constructed; framed around metacognition

Answer 30

Constructivism (Vygostky)

Question 31

Learners are not considered as empty vessels as in the passive view of teaching but are regarded as actively engaged learners who make meaningful connections between and among previous knowledge, becomes the responsibility of the learner

Answer 31

Constructivism (Vygostky)

Question 32

Constructivism may only promote group learning and ignore the individual rights of learners. Learners are unguided or minimally guided and so may feel lost or frustrated in this learning theory. Which statement is true?

Answer 32

Both

Question 32

Assert that learners construct knowledge rather than acquire new knowledge and therefore, learning becomes an active process throughout the learners’ experiences and the environment in which they are learning

Answer 32

Constructivism (Vygostky)

Question 33

Examples of constructivism by Vygostky

Answer 33

o Journaling o Experiential activities o Personal focus o Collaborative & cooperative learning

Question 34

This learning theory enables learners to leverage their strengths, recognizes, addresses, and develops their weaknesses

Answer 34

Multiple Intelligences

Question 35

What does multiple intelligence lack according to its critics?

Answer 35

Empirical support

Question 36

The ability to mentally visualize objects and spatial dimensions

Answer 36

Visual-spatial

Question 37

Refers to a person’s ability to reason, solve problems, and learn using language

Answer 37

Visual linguistic

Question 38

The ability to communicate effectively with other people and to be able to develop relationships

Answer 38

Interpersonal

Question 39

The ability to understand one’s own emotions, motivations, inner states of being, and self-reflection

Answer 39

Intrapersonal

Question 40

Inductive, deductive thinking and reasoning abilities, logic, as well as the use of numbers and abstract pattern recognition

Answer 40

Logical-mathematical

Question 41

The ability to master music as well as rhythms, tones, and beats

Answer 41

Musical rythmic

Question 42

The wisdom of the body and the ability to control physical motion

Answer 42

Body kinesthetics

Question 43

Involves how sensitive an individual is to nature and to world

Answer 43

Naturalist

Question 44

Provide teachers with an organized system for creating an appropriate learning environment and planning instructional activities

Answer 44

Learning style models

Question 45

Who introduced the Kolb's Learning Model?

Answer 45

David Allen Kolb

Question 46

According to _____, knowledge results from a combination of grasping experience and transforming it

Answer 46

Kolb

Question 47

* A new experience or situation that is encountered or a reinterpretation of existing experience

Answer 47

Concrete experience

Question 48

Specifically its importance is any inconsistencies between experience and understanding

Answer 48

Reflective observation of the new experience

Question 49

Reflection gives rise to a new idea or a modification of an existing abstract concept the person has learned from his/her experience

Answer 49

Abstract conceptualization

Question 50

The learner applies his/her ideas to the world around him/her to see what happened

Answer 50

Active experimentation

Question 51

Bloom's learning model is also known as _____

Answer 51

Bloom's taxonomy

Question 52

a set of three hierarchical models used to classify educational learning objectives into levels of complexity and specificity

Answer 52

Bloom's learning model

Question 53

Psychomotor domain of Bloom's taxonomy

Answer 53

- Origination - Adaptation - Complex overt response - Mechanism - Guided response - Set - Perception

Question 54

Cognitive domain of Bloom's taxonomy

Answer 54

- Evaluation - Synthesis - Analysis - Application - Comprehension -Knowledge

Question 55

Affective domain of Bloom's taxonomy

Answer 55

- Characterizing - Organizing - Valuing - Responding - Receiving

Question 56

Original domain of Bloom's taxonomy

Answer 56

- Evaluation - Synthesis - Analysis - Application - Comprehension - Knowledge

Question 57

New domain of Bloom's taxonomy

Answer 57

- Creating - Evaluation - Analyzing - Applying - Understanding - Remembering

Question 58

Individuals must know about their learning styles or preferences and find ways to learn using those methods

Answer 58

Honey and Mumford Learning Style Model

Question 59

Use different terms for each stage of the learning cycle and each of the learning style

Answer 59

Honey and Mumford Learning Style Model

Question 60

Tend to act first and consider the consequences afterward

Answer 60

Activists

Question 61

Prefer to think problems in a step-by-step manner; Like lectures, systems, case studies, models, and readings

Answer 61

Theorists

Question 62

Theories and concepts are no use to them unless they can see how such things work in ‘in real life

Answer 62

Pragmatists

Question 63

* Like to have time for planning and preparation as well as opportunities for review

Answer 63

Reflectors

Question 64

_____ suggest four modalities that seemed to reflect the experiences of the students and teachers. What learning style model is this?

Answer 64

Fleming and Mills (1992), VARK Learning Style Model

Question 65

Prefer the use of images, maps, and graphic organizers to learn and understand new information

Answer 65

Visual learners

Question 66

Best understand new content through listening and speaking in class, in groups and make use of repetition as a study technique and benefit from the use of mnemonics

Answer 66

Auditory learners

Question 67

Learn best by reading and writing the words and are therefore avid readers or copious note-takers

Answer 67

Read and write learners

Question 68

Good at translating the abstract into words or essays

Answer 68

Read and write learners

Question 69

Uses tactile representations of information; they are hands-on learners

Answer 69

Kinesthetic learners

Question 70

* Have more respect for brick-and-mortar educational institutions and traditional lecture formats than online, web-based education, and training

Answer 70

Traditionalists

Question 71

Favors conventional business models in the legal workplace and a top-down chain of command

Answer 71

Traditionalists

Question 72

More formal with their communication style and are less motivated by informal communication or learning styles

Answer 72

Traditionalists

Question 73

Traditionalists are born between _____

Answer 73

1922-1945

Question 74

* Self-assured, independent, competitive, goal-centric, resourceful, mentally focused, team-oriented, and disciplined

Answer 74

Baby Boomers

Question 75

Enjoy reading books and are more likely to stay focused on one topic at a time

Answer 75

Baby Boomers

Question 76

"workaholics"

Answer 76

Baby Boomers

Question 77

Baby boomers are born between _____

Answer 77

1946-1964

Question 78

* Dislike being-micro-managed and embrace a hands-off management philosophy

Answer 78

Generation X

Question 79

Appreciate direct and clear communication when it comes to learning, but disapprove of micromanaging and tend to be independent learners

Answer 79

Generation X

Question 80

Generation X are born between _____

Answer 80

Early-to-mid 1960s to the early 1980s

Question 81

Thrive on clear and succinct directions, independent learning, digital resources, and real-world applications

Answer 81

Generation X

Question 82

Comfort with technology; refered by Prensky as digital natives

Answer 82

Millenials

Question 83

Likely to get bored with lectures, but love to learn through interaction and hands-on application

Answer 83

Millenials

Question 84

Requires experiential learning, hands-on learning, opportunities to network and interact, use of digital resources

Answer 84

Millenials

Question 85

Millenials are born between ______

Answer 85

Early 1980s as starting birth years and mid-1990s to early 2000s as ending birth years

Question 86

Generation Z are born between ______

Answer 86

mid-1990s and mid-2000s

Question 87

Want to stay engaged in the learning process through multiple learning channels

Answer 87

Generation Z

Question 88

Motivated by experiential learning, yet still need classroom discussion and application that can be facilitated by a teacher to improve critical thinking skills

Answer 88

Generation Z

Question 89

Generation Z needs ______, multiple learning resources and channels, as well as independent learning modes

Answer 89

experiential learning and real-world application

Question 90

Generation Alpha are born in _____

Answer 90

2010-2025

Question 91

known as the iGeneration

Answer 91

Generation Alpha

Question 92

Generation alpha are not simply users of technology but are described to be _____ and can very well navigate a gadget before starting to read

Answer 92

born with a tech thumb

Question 93

A “net-centric” theory where the internet can provide the resources for the self-directed experience

Answer 93

Heutagogy (Blaschke, 2012)

Question 94

A learning theory of distance education and views it as further point on the learning continuum after pedagogy and andragogy

Answer 94

Heutagogy (Blaschke, 2012)

Question 95

Congruent with transformative education since heutagogy also requires learners to reflect on the learning process

Answer 95

Heutagogy (Blaschke, 2012)

Question 96

Whereas pedagogy is _____-based and andragogy is _____-based, heutagogy is _____-based

Answer 96

objective, competency, capability

Question 97

Who proposed the principles of heutagogy?

Answer 97

McAuliffe, Hargreaves, Winter, and Chadwick, 2008

Question 98

What are the principles of heutagogy?

Answer 98

* Knowing how to learn is a crucial skill * Educators focus on learning process rather than content * Learning goes beyond specific discipline * Learning occurs through self-chosen and self-directive action

Question 99

Views the students as the driver of learning; where the learner connects with, and builds knowledge via the connections made within a network

Answer 99

Connectivism (Downes, Siemens)

Question 100

The main function of teachers that embrace connectivism is to introduce the learning environment and then let collaborative effort develop naturally between students

Answer 100

Connectivism (Downes, Siemens)

Question 101

_____ shifts the major learning responsibility from the instructors to the learners, with instructors playing their role supporting the transition

Answer 101

Education 4.0

Question 102

Education 3.0 is a “______”. The model noted that schools are literally everywhere and resources are there for the taking

Answer 102

connectivist, heutagogical approach

Question 103

Concept of “information discernment” which includes informational and digital literacy and how learners can categorize and appropriately use the information they have access to in order to optimize their learning experiences

Answer 103

Education 3.0 (Gerstein, 2013)

Question 104

A more personalized learning; More remote learning opportunities

Answer 104

Education 4.0

Question 105

Education 4.0 is the _____ of education tools

Answer 105

plethora

Question 106

Nine trends related to education 4.0

Answer 106

* Learning can be anytime, anywhere * Learning is personalized to individual students * Students have a choice in determining how they want to learn * Students will be exposed to more project-based learning * Students will be exposed to more hands-on learning through field experience including internships, mentoring projects, and collaborative projects * Students will be exposed to data interpretation in which they are required to apply their tech or ethical knowledge to numbers and use their reasoning skills to make interferences based on logic and trends from given sets of data * Students will be assessed differently * Students’ opinions will be considered in designing and updating the curriculum * Students will become more independent in their own learning