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PST 1st Shifting > Understanding Student Learning > Flashcards

Understanding Student Learning Flashcards

1
Q

“Learning is the acquisition of new behavior or the strengthening or weakening of old behavior.”

A

Henry Smith, 1962

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2
Q

The term “_____” covers every modification in behavior to meet environmental requirements. -_____, 1968

A

learning, Gardner Murphy

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3
Q

Provide a basis to understand how people learn and a way to explain, describe, analyze, and predict learning

A

Learning theories

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4
Q

Help educators make more informed decisions around the design, development, and delivery of learning

A

Learning theories

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5
Q

Describe how students absorb, process, and retain knowledge during learning

A

Learning theories

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6
Q

Caused by an external stimulus, thus, this theory focuses on learner’s observable behaviors

A

Behaviorism (Skinner)

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7
Q

Lecture-based, highly-structured, and entails rewards and punishments

A

Behaviorism (Skinner)

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8
Q

Critiques of this theory regard it as passive and teacher-centric, one size fits all, knowledge is spoon-fed and absolute, it involves programmed instruction and entails teacher-proofing, it does not account for processes that take place in the learner’s mind, and which cannot be observed

A

Behaviorism (Skinner)

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9
Q

Behaviorism operates on a principles of “_____”

A

Stimulus-response

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10
Q

Combination of stimuli to produce a response

A

Classical conditioning (Pavlov)

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11
Q

consequences lead to changes in voluntary behavior; it is about reinforcement & punishment

A

Operant conditioning (Skinner)

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12
Q

Came about in response to behaviorism where learning involves storing and connecting symbols in a meaningful and memorable way

A

Cognitivism (Piaget & Bruner)

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13
Q

Characterized by inquiry-based oriented projects, opportunities for testing hypotheses so curiously is highly encouraged, and learning involves stage scaffolding

A

Cognitivism (Piaget & Bruner)

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14
Q

Knowledge itself is also given as absolute and therefore may not account for individuality

A

Cognitivism (Piaget & Bruner)

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15
Q

Little emphasis on the affective aspect of learning and therefore, and is also described as mechanistic and deterministic

A

Cognitivism (Piaget & Bruner)

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16
Q

Argues that the black box of the mind should be opened and understood

A

Cognitivism (Piaget & Bruner)

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17
Q

In cognitivism, learners are viewed as _____

A

An information processor; like a computer

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18
Q

Focused on the mental processes that facilitate symbol connection

A

Cognitivism

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19
Q

Cognitivism account enough for individuality. It puts little emphasis on affective characteristics.

Which statement is true?

A

2nd statement. Cognitivism DOES NOT account enough for individuality

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20
Q

An inquiry-based, constructivist learning theory that takes place in problem solving situations

A

Discovery learning (Bruner)

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21
Q

Learners draws on his or her own past experience and existing knowledge to discover facts and relationships and new truths to be learned

A

Discovery learning (Bruner)

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22
Q

Students may be more likely to remember concepts and knowledge discovered on their own

A

Discovery learning (Bruner)

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23
Q

expository, narrative, skimming, graphic organizer

A

Advance organizers of mearningful verbal learning

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24
Q

Grew out of cognitivism where learning takes place through observations and sensorial experience

A

Social Learning Theory (Bandura)

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25
Q

Critics say that this learning theory does not take into the account the individuality of the learner, the context, and the experience

A

Social Learning Theory (Bandura)

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26
Q

Students become passive receivers of sensory stimuli and emotions and motivations are not considered important or connected to learning

A

Social Learning Theory (Bandura)

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27
Q

What is the focus of social learning theory by Bandura?

A

Observational and sensorial experiences

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28
Q

In the social learning theory, ______ is the sincerest form of flattery

A

imitation

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29
Q

“What the children sees in the media, the children does.”

A

Social learning theory (Bandura)

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30
Q

Knowledge is actively constructed; framed around metacognition

A

Constructivism (Vygostky)

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31
Q

Learners are not considered as empty vessels as in the passive view of teaching but are regarded as actively engaged learners who make meaningful connections between and among previous knowledge, becomes the responsibility of the learner

A

Constructivism (Vygostky)

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32
Q

Constructivism may only promote group learning and ignore the individual rights of learners. Learners are unguided or minimally guided and so may feel lost or frustrated in this learning theory.

Which statement is true?

A

Both

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32
Q

Assert that learners construct knowledge rather than acquire new knowledge and therefore, learning becomes an active process throughout the learners’ experiences and the environment in which they are learning

A

Constructivism (Vygostky)

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33
Q

Examples of constructivism by Vygostky

A

o Journaling
o Experiential activities
o Personal focus
o Collaborative & cooperative learning

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34
Q

This learning theory enables learners to leverage their strengths, recognizes, addresses, and develops their weaknesses

A

Multiple Intelligences

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35
Q

What does multiple intelligence lack according to its critics?

A

Empirical support

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36
Q

The ability to mentally visualize objects and spatial dimensions

A

Visual-spatial

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37
Q

Refers to a person’s ability to reason, solve problems, and learn using language

A

Visual linguistic

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38
Q

The ability to communicate effectively with other people and to be able to develop relationships

A

Interpersonal

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39
Q

The ability to understand one’s own emotions, motivations, inner states of being, and self-reflection

A

Intrapersonal

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40
Q

Inductive, deductive thinking and reasoning abilities, logic, as well as the use of numbers and abstract pattern recognition

A

Logical-mathematical

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41
Q

The ability to master music as well as rhythms, tones, and beats

A

Musical rythmic

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42
Q

The wisdom of the body and the ability to control physical motion

A

Body kinesthetics

43
Q

Involves how sensitive an individual is to nature and to world

A

Naturalist

44
Q

Provide teachers with an organized system for creating an appropriate learning environment and planning instructional activities

A

Learning style models

45
Q

Who introduced the Kolb’s Learning Model?

A

David Allen Kolb

46
Q

According to _____, knowledge results from a combination of grasping experience and transforming it

A

Kolb

47
Q
  • A new experience or situation that is encountered or a reinterpretation of existing experience
A

Concrete experience

48
Q

Specifically its importance is any inconsistencies between experience and understanding

A

Reflective observation of the new experience

49
Q

Reflection gives rise to a new idea or a modification of an existing abstract concept the person has learned from his/her experience

A

Abstract conceptualization

50
Q

The learner applies his/her ideas to the world around him/her to see what happened

A

Active experimentation

51
Q

Bloom’s learning model is also known as _____

A

Bloom’s taxonomy

52
Q

a set of three hierarchical models used to classify educational learning objectives into levels of complexity and specificity

A

Bloom’s learning model

53
Q

Psychomotor domain of Bloom’s taxonomy

A
  • Origination
  • Adaptation
  • Complex overt response
  • Mechanism
  • Guided response
  • Set
  • Perception
54
Q

Cognitive domain of Bloom’s taxonomy

A
  • Evaluation
  • Synthesis
  • Analysis
  • Application
  • Comprehension
    -Knowledge
55
Q

Affective domain of Bloom’s taxonomy

A
  • Characterizing
  • Organizing
  • Valuing
  • Responding
  • Receiving
56
Q

Original domain of Bloom’s taxonomy

A
  • Evaluation
  • Synthesis
  • Analysis
  • Application
  • Comprehension
  • Knowledge
57
Q

New domain of Bloom’s taxonomy

A
  • Creating
  • Evaluation
  • Analyzing
  • Applying
  • Understanding
  • Remembering
58
Q

Individuals must know about their learning styles or preferences and find ways to learn using those methods

A

Honey and Mumford Learning Style Model

59
Q

Use different terms for each stage of the learning cycle and each of the learning style

A

Honey and Mumford Learning Style Model

60
Q

Tend to act first and consider the consequences afterward

A

Activists

61
Q

Prefer to think problems in a step-by-step manner; Like lectures, systems, case studies, models, and readings

A

Theorists

62
Q

Theories and concepts are no use to them unless they can see how such things work in ‘in real life

A

Pragmatists

63
Q
  • Like to have time for planning and preparation as well as opportunities for review
A

Reflectors

64
Q

_____ suggest four modalities that seemed to reflect the experiences of the students and teachers. What learning style model is this?

A

Fleming and Mills (1992), VARK Learning Style Model

65
Q

Prefer the use of images, maps, and graphic organizers to learn and understand new information

A

Visual learners

66
Q

Best understand new content through listening and speaking in class, in groups and make use of repetition as a study technique and benefit from the use of mnemonics

A

Auditory learners

67
Q

Learn best by reading and writing the words and are therefore avid readers or copious note-takers

A

Read and write learners

68
Q

Good at translating the abstract into words or essays

A

Read and write learners

69
Q

Uses tactile representations of information; they are hands-on learners

A

Kinesthetic learners

70
Q
  • Have more respect for brick-and-mortar educational institutions and traditional lecture formats than online, web-based education, and training
A

Traditionalists

71
Q

Favors conventional business models in the legal workplace and a top-down chain of command

A

Traditionalists

72
Q

More formal with their communication style and are less motivated by informal communication or learning styles

A

Traditionalists

73
Q

Traditionalists are born between _____

A

1922-1945

74
Q
  • Self-assured, independent, competitive, goal-centric, resourceful, mentally focused, team-oriented, and disciplined
A

Baby Boomers

75
Q

Enjoy reading books and are more likely to stay focused on one topic at a time

A

Baby Boomers

76
Q

“workaholics”

A

Baby Boomers

77
Q

Baby boomers are born between _____

A

1946-1964

78
Q
  • Dislike being-micro-managed and embrace a hands-off management philosophy
A

Generation X

79
Q

Appreciate direct and clear communication when it comes to learning, but disapprove of micromanaging and tend to be independent learners

A

Generation X

80
Q

Generation X are born between _____

A

Early-to-mid 1960s to the early 1980s

81
Q

Thrive on clear and succinct directions, independent learning, digital resources, and real-world applications

A

Generation X

82
Q

Comfort with technology; refered by Prensky as digital natives

A

Millenials

83
Q

Likely to get bored with lectures, but love to learn through interaction and hands-on application

A

Millenials

84
Q

Requires experiential learning, hands-on learning, opportunities to network and interact, use of digital resources

A

Millenials

85
Q

Millenials are born between ______

A

Early 1980s as starting birth years and mid-1990s to early 2000s as ending birth years

86
Q

Generation Z are born between ______

A

mid-1990s and mid-2000s

87
Q

Want to stay engaged in the learning process through multiple learning channels

A

Generation Z

88
Q

Motivated by experiential learning, yet still need classroom discussion and application that can be facilitated by a teacher to improve critical thinking skills

A

Generation Z

89
Q

Generation Z needs ______, multiple learning resources and channels, as well as independent learning modes

A

experiential learning and real-world application

90
Q

Generation Alpha are born in _____

A

2010-2025

91
Q

known as the iGeneration

A

Generation Alpha

92
Q

Generation alpha are not simply users of technology but are described to be _____ and can very well navigate a gadget before starting to read

A

born with a tech thumb

93
Q

A “net-centric” theory where the internet can provide the resources for the self-directed experience

A

Heutagogy (Blaschke, 2012)

94
Q

A learning theory of distance education and views it as further point on the learning continuum after pedagogy and andragogy

A

Heutagogy (Blaschke, 2012)

95
Q

Congruent with transformative education since heutagogy also requires learners to reflect on the learning process

A

Heutagogy (Blaschke, 2012)

96
Q

Whereas pedagogy is _____-based and andragogy is _____-based, heutagogy is _____-based

A

objective, competency, capability

97
Q

Who proposed the principles of heutagogy?

A

McAuliffe, Hargreaves, Winter, and Chadwick, 2008

98
Q

What are the principles of heutagogy?

A
  • Knowing how to learn is a crucial skill
  • Educators focus on learning process rather than content
  • Learning goes beyond specific discipline
  • Learning occurs through self-chosen and self-directive action
99
Q

Views the students as the driver of learning; where the learner connects with, and builds knowledge via the connections made within a network

A

Connectivism (Downes, Siemens)

100
Q

The main function of teachers that embrace connectivism is to introduce the learning environment and then let collaborative effort develop naturally between students

A

Connectivism (Downes, Siemens)

101
Q

_____ shifts the major learning responsibility from the instructors to the learners, with instructors playing their role supporting the transition

A

Education 4.0

102
Q

Education 3.0 is a “______”. The model noted that schools are literally everywhere and resources are there for the taking

A

connectivist, heutagogical approach

103
Q

Concept of “information discernment” which includes informational and digital literacy and how learners can categorize and appropriately use the information they have access to in order to optimize their learning experiences

A

Education 3.0 (Gerstein, 2013)

104
Q

A more personalized learning; More remote learning opportunities

A

Education 4.0

105
Q

Education 4.0 is the _____ of education tools

A

plethora

106
Q

Nine trends related to education 4.0

A
  • Learning can be anytime, anywhere
  • Learning is personalized to individual students
  • Students have a choice in determining how they want to learn
  • Students will be exposed to more project-based learning
  • Students will be exposed to more hands-on learning through field experience including internships, mentoring projects, and collaborative projects
  • Students will be exposed to data interpretation in which they are required to apply their tech or ethical knowledge to numbers and use their reasoning skills to make interferences based on logic and trends from given sets of data
  • Students will be assessed differently
  • Students’ opinions will be considered in designing and updating the curriculum
  • Students will become more independent in their own learning

PST 1st Shifting (2 decks)

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