Understanding OA

Question 1

Population changes

Answer 1

• More OA than ever before
• decline in death rates due to more improvements in medical tech, health care, knowledge, nutrition, sanitation

Question 2

Average Life expectancy

Answer 2

• Avg life expectancy is now ~80 years (increased 20-22yrs since 1920)
• women live 4 years longer (on average) than men do

Question 3

Gerontology

Answer 3

Multidisciplinary study of all aspects of ageing, including health, biological, sociological, psychological, economic, behavioral and environmental factors

Question 4

Ageing/Aging

Answer 4

The lifelong process of growing older at a cellular, organ or whole body level thru out life span

Question 5

Ageism

Answer 5

Negative stereotyping or discrimination of people on the basis of age

Question 6

Activities of daily living (ADLs)

Answer 6

Basic activities that are necessary to independent living
- hygiene, grooming, going to bathroom, ambulating, eating

Question 7

Instrumental activities of daily living (IADL)

Answer 7

activities to be independent in society
- shopping
- preparing meals
- house cleaning
- banking
- taking medicine

Question 8

Functional status

Answer 8

Extent to which an individual is able to perform activities associated with routines of daily living

Question 9

Disability

Answer 9

Any restriction or lack of ability to perform an activity in the manner, or within range, considered to be normal for a human

Question 10

Frail older person

Answer 10

An OA in need of substantial level of care and support

Question 11

Life expectancy

Answer 11

The average number of years of life remaining to a person at a particular age based on given set of age-specific death rates

Question 12

Average life span

Answer 12

Average age by which all but a very small percentage of the population are deceased

Question 13

Maximum life span potential

Answer 13

Maximum amount of time a human could possibly live

Question 14

Morbidity vs Mortality

Answer 14

morbidity: sickness, illness
mortality: death

Question 15

Primary aging

Answer 15

Innate process of maturation and subsequent decline occurring in body’s cells and physiological systems thru the life span, making it more susceptible to disease, injury and death.
- hard wired in genes and cannot be changed

Question 16

Secondary aging

Answer 16

Age-related deteriorations as a result of lifestyle behaviours (PA, nutrition, smoking, alcohol), disease processes (diabetes, cancer, CVD), environment (pollution, toxins)
- can be significantly controlled by the indv

Question 17

Spirduso’s Hierarchy of Physical Function

Answer 17

• physically elite: sports comps, senior Olympics, high-risk and power sports
• physically fit: moderate physical work, all endurance sports/games, most hobbies
• physically independent: very light physical work, hobbies, low demand PA, can pass all IADLs
• physically frail: light housekeeping, food prep, pass some IADLs, may be homebound
• physically dependent: cannot pass some or all IADLs, walking, bathing, eating, dressing, need home/institutional care
• disability

Question 18

Usual aging

Answer 18

The way most people age, gradual decline

Question 19

Pathological aging

Answer 19

Aging with disease and high risk lifestyles leading to premature disability and death

Question 20

Successful aging

Answer 20

Better than average physiologically and psychosocially in late life
- adding life to the years

Question 21

Survival curves

Answer 21

The percentage of the population that survives at each age throughout the lifespan of the entire population
- ideal would have a large decline at the end
- life style and genetics shape the curve

Question 22

Chronological age

Answer 22

the passage of time from birth years

Question 23

Functional age

Answer 23

one’s functional fitness compared with others the same age and gender