Understanding OA Flashcards
Population changes
- More OA than ever before
- decline in death rates due to more improvements in medical tech, health care, knowledge, nutrition, sanitation
Average Life expectancy
- Avg life expectancy is now ~80 years (increased 20-22yrs since 1920)
- women live 4 years longer (on average) than men do
Gerontology
Multidisciplinary study of all aspects of ageing, including health, biological, sociological, psychological, economic, behavioral and environmental factors
Ageing/Aging
The lifelong process of growing older at a cellular, organ or whole body level thru out life span
Ageism
Negative stereotyping or discrimination of people on the basis of age
Activities of daily living (ADLs)
Basic activities that are necessary to independent living
- hygiene, grooming, going to bathroom, ambulating, eating
Instrumental activities of daily living (IADL)
activities to be independent in society
- shopping
- preparing meals
- house cleaning
- banking
- taking medicine
Functional status
Extent to which an individual is able to perform activities associated with routines of daily living
Disability
Any restriction or lack of ability to perform an activity in the manner, or within range, considered to be normal for a human
Frail older person
An OA in need of substantial level of care and support
Life expectancy
The average number of years of life remaining to a person at a particular age based on given set of age-specific death rates
Average life span
Average age by which all but a very small percentage of the population are deceased
Maximum life span potential
Maximum amount of time a human could possibly live
Morbidity vs Mortality
morbidity: sickness, illness
mortality: death
Primary aging
Innate process of maturation and subsequent decline occurring in body’s cells and physiological systems thru the life span, making it more susceptible to disease, injury and death.
- hard wired in genes and cannot be changed
Secondary aging
Age-related deteriorations as a result of lifestyle behaviours (PA, nutrition, smoking, alcohol), disease processes (diabetes, cancer, CVD), environment (pollution, toxins)
- can be significantly controlled by the indv
Spirduso’s Hierarchy of Physical Function
- physically elite: sports comps, senior Olympics, high-risk and power sports
- physically fit: moderate physical work, all endurance sports/games, most hobbies
- physically independent: very light physical work, hobbies, low demand PA, can pass all IADLs
- physically frail: light housekeeping, food prep, pass some IADLs, may be homebound
- physically dependent: cannot pass some or all IADLs, walking, bathing, eating, dressing, need home/institutional care
- disability
Usual aging
The way most people age, gradual decline
Pathological aging
Aging with disease and high risk lifestyles leading to premature disability and death
Successful aging
Better than average physiologically and psychosocially in late life
- adding life to the years
Survival curves
The percentage of the population that survives at each age throughout the lifespan of the entire population
- ideal would have a large decline at the end
- life style and genetics shape the curve
Chronological age
the passage of time from birth years
Functional age
one’s functional fitness compared with others the same age and gender