Understanding Learning & Performance Flashcards
Identify the characteristics of the associative stage of learning
Athlete understands fundamentals of skill & process of refining skill
Better able to deal with more info & more complex info
Feedback should be specific, focusing on knowledge of performance
Explain the decisions a coach could make when planning and carrying out a training session with an athlete in the autonomous stage of learning.
Performance in final stage = skilled, consistent & aesthetically pleasing, highest level of proficiency. To get to this stage it often takes years of training, goal for coach is to get athletes to perform almost automatically
Performers judge own performance & make changes without external feedback from coach. Coach must remind athletes to stay focused during competition
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of a coach using the command style of teaching to deliver a training session.
Advantages:
Large groups can be catered for easily
Coach makes all decisions, performers not distracted by decision making process
Info can be given quickly if time is limited. Greater likelihood of tasks being completed on time
Disadvantages:
Possible lack of understanding - coach could have a large group & limited to amount of individual feedback that can be given
Little social interaction with coach or other learners, this may decrease self-esteem & motivation
No student input into session & therefore may fail to foster ‘deeper learning’
Outline command style teaching
Instructions and objectives are clear
Control & discipline maintained
Info can be given quickly if time is limited
Large groups can be catered for easily
No decision making or input from the learner
Possible lack of understanding
Little social interaction with teacher or other learners
Limited individual feedback is given
Outline discovery style teaching
Encourages creativity & decision making skills
Development of learner’s responsibility for their own pace
Development of greater understanding of task
Increased motivation & self-confidence
Improves communication skills & promotes groups interaction
Time-consuming
Difficult with beginners or those who lack creativity
Limited development if learners have poor communication skills
Outline problem-solving teaching method
Teacher sets problem & learner devises suitable solution
Open-ended approach, encouraging creativity while developing cognitive & performance elements of learner
There’s no correct outcome, time isn’t a restriction & performers experienced
Performers draw on their acquired knowledge
Encourages creativity & decision making skills
Development of learner’s responsibility for own learning
Increased motivation & self-confidence
Outline reciprocal teaching style
Instructions & objectives are clear
Social interaction and communication skills are developed
Learners develop some responsibility for their own learning
Learners develop self-confidence & motivation increases
May be difficult with beginners
Learners may lack sufficient communication skills to be effective
Learners may not be able to analyse movement & thus provide incorrect feedback. Task may be too complex/difficult for learners
Outline cognitive stage of learning
Inconsistent performances - lack fluency & success is not guaranteed
Attention is all on skill & can’t be directed elsewhere, relevant cues must be highlighted by coach
Learning occurs through trial and error - lots of mistakes
Correct performances reinforced through demonstration – visual guidance or through manual guidance
Performer is getting to know what needs to be done
Discuss the motivational strategies a coach can use to improve teenage performance in sport
Inverted U theory – coach must ensure performer reached optimal level of arousal to produce their maximal performance
Coach must recognise each performer unique & requires different levels of motivation. Personality factors can influence motivation - may have shaped performer’s choice of sport & links to achievement motivation
Extrinsically motivate by giving tangible rewards - trophies, medals & certificates & intangible rewards - praise, recognition & approval of effort
Goal setting = key strategy - SMARTER targets coach can set short term & long term goals to maintain motivation throughout season
