Understanding Key criteria of Credibility Flashcards
What is ‘RAVEN’?
Reputation - good or bad
Ability to observe - physically observing + perception
Vested - to tell the truth + lie
Expertise
Neautrality
Reputation
- Referring to the credentials of a source = their reliability
How does good reputation strengthen evidence?
Evidence given by someone trusted for their honesty = strengthen a case
E.g. Office for National Statistics
How does bad reputation strengthen evidence?
Reputation for distorting evidence
E.g. The boy who cried wolf
2 aspects of ability to see
- Physical dimensions
- Perception
What is the person’s ability to observe physically (physical dimensions) ?
- Physical location
- Physical abilities
- Obstructions to view etc.
*Examines the credibility of eyewitness accounts.
What is the person’s ability to observe perception ?
- Ability to report accurately on an event is influenced by our perception of event
E.g. man climbing up a ladder- their/neighbour who has lost his keys
Eyewitness Account
Considered to be a strong source of evidence = person actually witnessed event
3 Problems w/ eyewitness accounts
- Outright lies - a person claiming to be an eyewitness but is telling lies.
- Embellishment - adding to the account
- Reporting of a report - second hand news
Hearsay evidence
Second hand information
2 types of hearsay evidence
- Perception of eyewitness
- Misinterpretation = take form of selective reporting (missing out certain details)
What is vested interest ?
- Has a motive = may be subconscious, to lie or tell truth under oath = gain something from outcome
E.g. vested to lie/tell the truth.
Difference between between bias and vested interest
Every vested interest is biased whereas not every of bias is vested interest.
What is expertise ?
Give understanding
*Experts can be wrong
What is expert witness?
Add credibility to an argument
Is the expertise relevant to what is being reported?
Expertise in one area does not guarantee expertise in other areas.
What is ‘RSS’?
Relevance
Significance
Selectivity
what is coming to a judgement?
Assessing which side of the argument has greater credibility of evidence.
what is corroboration?
- Occurs when two or more sources agree on what happened in a particular situation.
- Need to look for specific points that directly relates to the judgement.
what is conflict?
two or more sources give conflicting evidence.
3 ways of showing corroboration and conflict within a dispute
- Ensure judgement is directly relevant to dispute analysed
- Use quotes to support points
- Ensure judgement is supported by assessment of issues involved
what is balance of evidence?
Assessing evidence before allows to become aware of the balance of the evidence. *explain which sources support each other and why.
What is the weight of evidence?
Numerical assessment drawn from the balance of the evidence.
What is quality of evidence?
To assess quality of evidence given we need to apply a set of credibility criteria.
What is the straw man Fallacy?
When a claim is misinterpreted and the attempt is made to refute the misinterpretation.