UNDERSTANDING HUMAN ACTS

Question 1

• Involuntary acts
• spontaneous biological and
  sensual processes

Answer 1

acts of man

Question 2

• performed by a person who has
  full knowledge through free will
• done with knowledge, freedom,
  and voluntariness

Answer 2

human acts

Question 3

___ directs
one to be mindful of
his or her actions

Answer 3

knowledge

Question 4

elements of human act:

the person is conscious and aware of the
(1) reason and the
(2) consequences of his/her actions

Answer 4

knowledge of the act

Question 5

elements of human act:

• The person acts by his/ her own choice and initiative.
• A person was not influenced by another person
  or any situation to perform his/her action.

Answer 5

freedom in doing the act

Question 6

elements of human act:

The person:
1. consents or agrees to the act,
2. accepting it as his/her own, and
3. assumes accountability for the result

Answer 6

voluntariness of free will in doing the act

Question 7

*The moral responsibility for one’s human actions.
* A person’s accountability for his or her deliberate actions.

Answer 7

imputability

Question 8

• the “deservingness’ of blame or praise
• natural product of our rationality

Answer 8

accountability

Question 9

distinguishes right and wrong action

Answer 9

reason

Question 10

enables one to choose which action to perform

Answer 10

free will / freedom

Question 11

being the cause of something

Answer 11

causation

Question 12

• Duty
• Obligation or having certain duties or obligations towards
  other people

Answer 12

responsibility

Question 13

directed to what will or may happen

Answer 13

prosprective

Question 14

directed to what had happened already

Answer 14

retrospective

Question 15

conditions for moral accountability:

for they determine whether moral accountability can be
attributed or assigned to a person for an action that
he/she has done

Answer 15

attribution conditions

Question 16

conditions for moral accountability:

for they determine the degree of one’s moral accountability

Answer 16

degree conditions

Question 17

attributing conditions:

would make one morally
accountable for the action under consideration

Answer 17

incriminating conditions

Question 18

attributing conditions:

would spare one from moral
accountability for the action under consideration

Answer 18

excusing conitions

Question 19

attributing conditions:

a person is only accountable for
actions in which he/she is the cause

Answer 19

agency condition

Question 20

attributing conditions:

a person knows or has the
capacity to know the moral quality (goodness or
badness) of his/her action

Answer 20

knowledge condition

Question 21

attributing conditions:

a person intends or freely
chooses to perform an action he/she is doing.

Answer 21

intentionality condition

Question 22

degree conditions:

when they lessen the
degree of one’s moral accountability

Answer 22

mitigating conditions

Question 23

degree conditions:

when they increase the degree
of one’s moral accountability

Answer 23

aggravating condition

Question 24

the difficulty in life that forces one to perform a wrongdoing

Answer 24

degree of pressure

Question 25

the seriousness of the injury caused by the wrongdoing

Answer 25

degree of intensity

Question 26

the participation in a group or collective act of wrongdoing

Answer 26

degree of involvement

Question 27

actions that are in conformity or agreement with the norms of morality

Answer 27

moral

Question 28

actions that are not in conformity to or in disagreement with the norms of morality

Answer 28

immoral

Question 29

actions that stand neutral or indifferent with the norms of morality (neither good nor bad actions)

Answer 29

amoral

Question 30

determine how an act is rendered good or bad, moral or immoral in relation to the norms of morality

Answer 30

determinants of morality

Question 31

determinants of morality: - Also known as “actin-itself”; - the action that the person did. - the primary source for the judgment on the morality of the act.

Answer 31

moral object of the act

Question 32

determinants of morality: - refers to the GOAL which the agent aims to achieve - This is usually called the subjective element of a moral act because the intention for doing the act lies within us.

Answer 32

intention

Question 33

are conditions outside the act that influence or affect that act by increasing or lessening its voluntariness or freedom, and, thus, affecting the morality of the act

Answer 33

circumstances

Question 34

the person, the place, the time, the manner, the condition of the agent, the thing itself, the means

Answer 34

circumstances

Question 35

refer to factors that influence the person to perform a moral action

Answer 35

impediments

Question 36

the lack or absence of knowledge needed by a person in doing an act.

Answer 36

ignorance

Question 37

___ ignorance: *the person is not aware, and which * he/she is unable to overcome by him/herself unless someone will tell him/her about the truth.

Answer 37

invisible

Question 38

___ ignorance: * The person has the chance to know the norm/truth BUT did not avail the opportunities offered, to correct his/her lack of knowledge.

Answer 38

vincible ignorance

Question 39

___ about moral truths is very widespread in mass-media culture - the "fraud of the masses"

Answer 39

error

Question 40

may be the result of drunkenness, of violent emotion, sleepiness or absent-mindedness

Answer 40

inattention

Question 41

is an intense emotion which urges ones feeling, enthusiasm, or desire for something

Answer 41

passion or concupiscence

Question 42

either tendencies towards desirable objects which refer to positive emotions like hope, love, bravery, and delight or tendencies away from undesirable objects which point to negative emotions such as anger, fear, sadness, and hatred

Answer 42

passion or concupiscence

Question 43

is the shrinking back of the person from an impending evil

Answer 43

fear

Question 44

the ability to recognize danger by either confronting it or withdrawing from it (also known as the fight or flight response)

Answer 44

fear

Question 45

is a very pervasive form of fear, operating through the instinct for acceptance, esteem, safety, competitiveness

Answer 45

social pressure

Question 46

where violence is employed to constrain a person to act in a certain way

Answer 46

force

Question 47

* a firm routine of behavior that is done regularly. * Anything you do automatically without consciously thinking about it, or without specifically deciding to do it,

Answer 47

habit