UNDERSTANDING HUMAN ACTS Flashcards
- Involuntary acts
- spontaneous biological and
sensual processes
acts of man
- performed by a person who has
full knowledge through free will - done with knowledge, freedom,
and voluntariness
human acts
___ directs
one to be mindful of
his or her actions
knowledge
elements of human act:
the person is conscious and aware of the
(1) reason and the
(2) consequences of his/her actions
knowledge of the act
elements of human act:
- The person acts by his/ her own choice and initiative.
- A person was not influenced by another person
or any situation to perform his/her action.
freedom in doing the act
elements of human act:
The person:
1. consents or agrees to the act,
2. accepting it as his/her own, and
3. assumes accountability for the result
voluntariness of free will in doing the act
*The moral responsibility for one’s human actions.
* A person’s accountability for his or her deliberate actions.
imputability
- the “deservingness’ of blame or praise
- natural product of our rationality
accountability
distinguishes right and wrong action
reason
enables one to choose which action to perform
free will / freedom
being the cause of something
causation
- Duty
- Obligation or having certain duties or obligations towards
other people
responsibility
directed to what will or may happen
prosprective
directed to what had happened already
retrospective
conditions for moral accountability:
for they determine whether moral accountability can be
attributed or assigned to a person for an action that
he/she has done
attribution conditions
conditions for moral accountability:
for they determine the degree of one’s moral accountability
degree conditions
attributing conditions:
would make one morally
accountable for the action under consideration
incriminating conditions
attributing conditions:
would spare one from moral
accountability for the action under consideration
excusing conitions
attributing conditions:
a person is only accountable for
actions in which he/she is the cause
agency condition
attributing conditions:
a person knows or has the
capacity to know the moral quality (goodness or
badness) of his/her action
knowledge condition
attributing conditions:
a person intends or freely
chooses to perform an action he/she is doing.
intentionality condition
degree conditions:
when they lessen the
degree of one’s moral accountability
mitigating conditions
degree conditions:
when they increase the degree
of one’s moral accountability
aggravating condition
the difficulty in life that forces one to perform a wrongdoing
degree of pressure
the seriousness of the injury caused by the wrongdoing
degree of intensity
the participation in a group or collective act of wrongdoing
degree of involvement
actions that are in conformity or
agreement with the norms of
morality
moral
actions that are not in conformity
to or in disagreement with the
norms of morality
immoral
actions that stand neutral or indifferent
with the norms of morality (neither
good nor bad actions)
amoral
determine how an act is rendered good or bad, moral or
immoral in relation to the norms of morality
determinants of morality
determinants of morality:
- Also known as “actin-itself”;
- the action that the
person did. - the primary source for
the judgment on the
morality of the act.
moral object of the act
determinants of morality:
- refers to the GOAL which
the agent aims to achieve - This is usually called the
subjective element of a
moral act because the
intention for doing the act
lies within us.
intention
are conditions outside the act that influence or
affect that act by increasing or lessening its
voluntariness or freedom, and, thus, affecting
the morality of the act
circumstances
the person, the place, the time, the manner, the
condition of the agent, the thing itself, the means
circumstances
refer to factors that influence the person to perform a moral action
impediments
the lack or absence of knowledge needed by a person in doing an act.
ignorance
___ ignorance:
*the person is not aware, and which
* he/she is unable to overcome by him/herself unless
someone will tell him/her about the truth.
invisible
___ ignorance:
* The person has the chance to know the norm/truth BUT did not avail
the opportunities offered, to correct his/her lack of knowledge.
vincible ignorance
___ about moral truths is
very widespread in mass-media
culture - the “fraud of the masses”
error
may be the result of
drunkenness, of violent
emotion, sleepiness or
absent-mindedness
inattention
is an intense emotion which
urges ones feeling, enthusiasm,
or desire for something
passion or concupiscence
either tendencies
towards desirable objects which
refer to positive emotions like
hope, love, bravery, and delight
or tendencies away from
undesirable objects which point
to negative emotions such as
anger, fear, sadness, and hatred
passion or concupiscence
is the shrinking back of
the person from an
impending evil
fear
the ability to recognize
danger by either confronting
it or withdrawing from it
(also known as the fight or
flight response)
fear
is a very pervasive form of fear, operating through
the instinct for acceptance, esteem, safety, competitiveness
social pressure
where violence is employed to constrain a person to
act in a certain way
force
- a firm routine of behavior that is done regularly.
- Anything you do automatically without consciously thinking about
it, or without specifically deciding to do it,
habit
