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INTRODUCTION TO ETHICS > UNDERSTANDING HUMAN ACTS > Flashcards

UNDERSTANDING HUMAN ACTS Flashcards

1
Q
  • Involuntary acts
  • spontaneous biological and
    sensual processes
A

acts of man

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2
Q
  • performed by a person who has
    full knowledge through free will
  • done with knowledge, freedom,
    and voluntariness
A

human acts

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3
Q

___ directs
one to be mindful of
his or her actions

A

knowledge

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4
Q

elements of human act:

the person is conscious and aware of the
(1) reason and the
(2) consequences of his/her actions

A

knowledge of the act

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5
Q

elements of human act:

  • The person acts by his/ her own choice and initiative.
  • A person was not influenced by another person
    or any situation to perform his/her action.
A

freedom in doing the act

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6
Q

elements of human act:

The person:
1. consents or agrees to the act,
2. accepting it as his/her own, and
3. assumes accountability for the result

A

voluntariness of free will in doing the act

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7
Q

*The moral responsibility for one’s human actions.
* A person’s accountability for his or her deliberate actions.

A

imputability

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8
Q
  • the “deservingness’ of blame or praise
  • natural product of our rationality
A

accountability

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9
Q

distinguishes right and wrong action

A

reason

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10
Q

enables one to choose which action to perform

A

free will / freedom

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11
Q

being the cause of something

A

causation

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12
Q
  • Duty
  • Obligation or having certain duties or obligations towards
    other people
A

responsibility

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13
Q

directed to what will or may happen

A

prosprective

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14
Q

directed to what had happened already

A

retrospective

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15
Q

conditions for moral accountability:

for they determine whether moral accountability can be
attributed or assigned to a person for an action that
he/she has done

A

attribution conditions

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16
Q

conditions for moral accountability:

for they determine the degree of one’s moral accountability

A

degree conditions

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17
Q

attributing conditions:

would make one morally
accountable for the action under consideration

A

incriminating conditions

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18
Q

attributing conditions:

would spare one from moral
accountability for the action under consideration

A

excusing conitions

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19
Q

attributing conditions:

a person is only accountable for
actions in which he/she is the cause

A

agency condition

20
Q

attributing conditions:

a person knows or has the
capacity to know the moral quality (goodness or
badness) of his/her action

A

knowledge condition

21
Q

attributing conditions:

a person intends or freely
chooses to perform an action he/she is doing.

A

intentionality condition

22
Q

degree conditions:

when they lessen the
degree of one’s moral accountability

A

mitigating conditions

23
Q

degree conditions:

when they increase the degree
of one’s moral accountability

A

aggravating condition

24
Q

the difficulty in life that forces one to perform a wrongdoing

A

degree of pressure

25
Q

the seriousness of the injury caused by the wrongdoing

A

degree of intensity

26
Q

the participation in a group or collective act of wrongdoing

A

degree of involvement

27
Q

actions that are in conformity or
agreement with the norms of
morality

A

moral

28
Q

actions that are not in conformity
to or in disagreement with the
norms of morality

A

immoral

29
Q

actions that stand neutral or indifferent
with the norms of morality (neither
good nor bad actions)

A

amoral

30
Q

determine how an act is rendered good or bad, moral or
immoral in relation to the norms of morality

A

determinants of morality

31
Q

determinants of morality:

  • Also known as “actin-itself”;
  • the action that the
    person did.
  • the primary source for
    the judgment on the
    morality of the act.
A

moral object of the act

32
Q

determinants of morality:

  • refers to the GOAL which
    the agent aims to achieve
  • This is usually called the
    subjective element of a
    moral act because the
    intention for doing the act
    lies within us.
A

intention

33
Q

are conditions outside the act that influence or
affect that act by increasing or lessening its
voluntariness or freedom, and, thus, affecting
the morality of the act

A

circumstances

34
Q

the person, the place, the time, the manner, the
condition of the agent, the thing itself, the means

A

circumstances

35
Q

refer to factors that influence the person to perform a moral action

A

impediments

36
Q

the lack or absence of knowledge needed by a person in doing an act.

A

ignorance

37
Q

___ ignorance:
*the person is not aware, and which
* he/she is unable to overcome by him/herself unless
someone will tell him/her about the truth.

A

invisible

38
Q

___ ignorance:
* The person has the chance to know the norm/truth BUT did not avail
the opportunities offered, to correct his/her lack of knowledge.

A

vincible ignorance

39
Q

___ about moral truths is
very widespread in mass-media
culture - the “fraud of the masses”

A

error

40
Q

may be the result of
drunkenness, of violent
emotion, sleepiness or
absent-mindedness

A

inattention

41
Q

is an intense emotion which
urges ones feeling, enthusiasm,
or desire for something

A

passion or concupiscence

42
Q

either tendencies
towards desirable objects which
refer to positive emotions like
hope, love, bravery, and delight
or tendencies away from
undesirable objects which point
to negative emotions such as
anger, fear, sadness, and hatred

A

passion or concupiscence

43
Q

is the shrinking back of
the person from an
impending evil

A

fear

44
Q

the ability to recognize
danger by either confronting
it or withdrawing from it
(also known as the fight or
flight response)

A

fear

45
Q

is a very pervasive form of fear, operating through
the instinct for acceptance, esteem, safety, competitiveness

A

social pressure

46
Q

where violence is employed to constrain a person to
act in a certain way

A

force

47
Q
  • a firm routine of behavior that is done regularly.
  • Anything you do automatically without consciously thinking about
    it, or without specifically deciding to do it,
A

habit

INTRODUCTION TO ETHICS (3 decks)

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