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Ncm 121 > Understanding Hazards > Flashcards

Understanding Hazards Flashcards

1
Q

a process, phenomenon or human activity that may cause loss of life, injury, or other health impacts, property damage, social and economic disruption, or economic degradation

A

Hazards

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2
Q

may result into a disaster

A

Hazard

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3
Q

TYPES OF HAZARDS

A

-Natural
-Anthropogenic
-Socionatural
-Biological
-Geological or Geophysical
-Hydrometeorological
-Technological
-Environmental

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4
Q

are predominantly associated with natural processes and phenomena

A

Natural Hazard

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5
Q

or human-induced hazards, are induced entirely or predominantly by human activities and choices

A

Anthropogenic Hazards

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6
Q

they are associated with a combination of natural and anthropogenic factors, including environmental degradation and climate change

A

Socionatural Hazard

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7
Q

are of organic origin or conveyed by biologic vectors, including pathogenic microorganisms, toxins, and bioactive substances

A

Biologic Hazards

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8
Q

originate from internal earth processes

A

Geological or Geophysical Hazard

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9
Q

are of atmospheric, hydrological or oceanographic origin

A

Hydrometerological Hazard

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10
Q

originate from technological and industrial conditions, dangerous procedures, infrastructure failures and other specific human activities

A

Technological Hazards

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11
Q
  • may be chemical, natural, or biological hazards
  • they can be created by environmental degradation or physical or chemical pollution in the air, water, and soil
A

Environmental Hazards

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12
Q

EXAMPLES OF BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS

A
  • bacteria
  • viruses
  • parasites
  • venomous wildlife and insects
  • poisonous plants
  • mosquitos carrying disease-causing agents
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13
Q

EXAMPLES OF GEOLOGICAL OR GEOPHYSICAL HAZARDS

A
  • earthquake
  • volcanic activity and emissions
  • mass movemnts
  • landslides
  • rockslides
  • surface collapses and debris
  • mud flows
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14
Q

EXAMPLES OF HYDROMETEROLOGICAL HAZARDS

A
  • tropical cyclone (typhoons, hurricanes)
  • floods (flashfloods)
  • drought
  • heatwaves and cold spells
  • coastal storm surges
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15
Q

EXAMPLES OF TECHNOLOGICAL HAZARDS

A
  • industrial pollution
  • nuclear radiation
  • toxic wastes
  • dam failures
  • transport accidents
  • factory explosions
  • fires and chemical spills
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16
Q

EXAMPLES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS

A
  • soil degradation
  • deforestation
  • loss of biodiversity
  • salinization
  • sea level rise
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17
Q

It is a rotating, organized system of clouds and thunderstorms that originates over the tropical waters.

A

Tropical cyclone

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18
Q

How tropical storms are formed?

A

High humidity and ocean temperature at 26°C are major contributing factors

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19
Q

Water ______ from the ocean surface and comes into contact with a ____, forming ___. A column of _____ develops at the ___. ____ form around the column. As pressure in the central column (the eye) ____, the speed of the wind around it ____.

A

evaporates
mass of cold air
clouds
low pressure
center
winds
weakens
increases

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20
Q

Basic tropical cyclone structure

A

Eye, Eye wall, Spiral Ring Bands

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21
Q

Area where the wind and rain are lightes usually 10-100 km across

A

Eye

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22
Q

Area where the heaviest rain and strongest wind speeds

A

Eye wall

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23
Q

PAR

A

Philippine Area of Responsibility

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24
Q

TCAD

A

Tropical Cyclone Advisory Domain

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25
Q

TCID

A

Tropical Cyclone Information Domain

26
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF TROPICAL CYCLONES

A
  • Tropical Depression (TD)
  • Tropical Storm (TS)
  • Severe Tropical Storm (STS)
  • Typhoon (TY)
  • Severe Typhoon (STY)
27
Q

Tropical cyclone of 61 km/hr or less

A

Tropical depression

28
Q

Tropical cyclone of 62-88 km/hr

A

Tropical Storm

29
Q

Tropical cyclone of 89-117 km/hr

A

Severe Tropical Storm

30
Q

Tropical cyclone of 118-184 km/hr

A

Typhoon

31
Q

Tropical cyclone of 185 km/hr or higher

A

Severe Typhoon

32
Q

Wind signal #1

A

TD

33
Q

Wind Signal #2

A

TS

34
Q

Wind signal #3

A

STS

35
Q

Wind signal #4

A

TY

36
Q

Wind signal #5

A

STY

37
Q

TCWS No.1

A

Minimal to Minor Threat to life and property

36 hours duration

38
Q

TCWS No. 2

A

Minor to Moderate Threat to life and property

24 hrs duration

39
Q

TCWS No. 3

A

Moderate to Significant Threat to life and property

18 hrs duration

40
Q

TCWS No. 4

A

Significant to Severe Threat to life and property

12 hes duration

41
Q

TCWS No. 5

A

Extreme Threat to life and property

12 hrs duration

42
Q

Secondary Hazards of Tropical Cyclones

A

Rainfall and Flooding
Flashfloods
Storm Surges
Rain-induced Landslide

43
Q

A rise, usually brief, in the water level in the stream to a peak from which the water level recedes at a slower rate

A

Flood

44
Q

Happens when large amounts of water usually from rainfall, accumulates faster than it evaporates, dispersed, or get discharged

A

Flood

45
Q

Types of flooding based on occasion or place of occurrence

A

River flooding
Coastal flooding
Urban flooding

46
Q

Types of flooding based on duration or place of occurrence

A

Flash flooding
Sheet flooding

47
Q

Occurs when a large amount of rainfall causes a river to overflow. This type of flooding may last a few hours or many days depending on the intensity and amount of rainfall and carrying capacity of the river.

A

River flooding

48
Q

May occur due to storm surges, high tide and tsunamis

A

Coastal flooding

49
Q

Waves produced by earthquakes at sea

A

Tsunami

50
Q

Occurs in locations where most areas are covered by buildinga or paved. During heavy rains, water cannot infiltrate into the ground and accumulates on the surface. It is also caused by the limited capacity of drainage systems to accommodate heavy rains.

A

Urban flooding

51
Q

is a result of heavy rainfall over a relatively small drainage area. It carry highly destructive flood waves and are most common in mountainous areas or in steep places that have streams flowing through narrow canyons. It happens quickly and with little warning.

A

Flash flooding

52
Q

Is caused by shallow water flowing over a wide area and is very common in flood plains that are normally flat. It may also result when water in a river channel with insufficient carrying capacity overtops its banks, inundating the adjacent areas.

A

Sheet flooding

53
Q

Causes of flooding

A

-heavy continuous rain that lasts for days or ceases only briefly
-heavy situation of the river system that decreases the carrying capacity of the river
-overtopping of dikes and levees
-insufficient carrying capacities of the river system
-changes in tide

54
Q

Is a particular type of flood which develops after no more than six hours

A

Flashfloods

55
Q

a coastal flood or tsunami-like phenomenon of rising water commonly associated with low pressure weather systems

A

Storm surges

56
Q

is the mass movement of rock, soil, and debris down a slope due to gravity

A

Landslide / rain-induced Landslide

57
Q

EFFECTS OF EARTHQUAKES

A
  • ground shaking and rupture
  • landslides
  • liquefaction
  • tsunami
58
Q

Are situations that make a certain population more susceptible to damaging effects of the hazard

A

Vulnerability

59
Q

Structural Elements of Physical-Material Vulnerability

A

Main building or house
- many buildings are very old and weak
- old buildings were constructed when Design codes did NOT exist
- codes not strictly followed in new buildings
- engineers unaware of earthquake resistant designs
- poor quality of materials
- poor construction
- untrained masons or carpenters

60
Q

Non-Structural Elemnts of Physical-Material Vulnerability

A

Those which are attached to or housed in a building or building systems, but are not part of the main load-resisting structural system of the building
- architectural designs
- mechanical components
- electrical fixtures
- furnitures

61
Q

Things To Do Before an Earthquake

A
  • Request for proper authorities to check structural integrity of buildings.
  • COMPLY with building codes and use quality material.
  • Exit doors should swing out.
  • Strap heavy equipment and furniture to the walls.
  • Store chemicals, breakable items, and flammables at the lowest shelves of the cabinet.
  • Avoid or secure hanging appliances or fixtures.
  • Familiarize everyone where the nearest exits are and practice evacuation protocols (drills).
  • Teach everyone how to use fire extinguishers, first aid kits, survival kits, alarms, and orher warning devices.
    -Prepare a contingency plan and organize ahead members of the incident command system to promote coordination and avoid chaos during earthquakes.
    -
62
Q

Anatomy of Earthquake

A

Epicenter
Focus
Wave Fronts
Fault
Faulth Scarp

Ncm 121 (3 decks)

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