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Ncm 121 > Understanding Hazards > Flashcards

Understanding Hazards Flashcards

1
Q

a process, phenomenon or human activity that may cause loss of life, injury, or other health impacts, property damage, social and economic disruption, or economic degradation

A

Hazards

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2
Q

may result into a disaster

A

Hazard

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3
Q

TYPES OF HAZARDS

A

-Natural
-Anthropogenic
-Socionatural
-Biological
-Geological or Geophysical
-Hydrometeorological
-Technological
-Environmental

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4
Q

are predominantly associated with natural processes and phenomena

A

Natural Hazard

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5
Q

or human-induced hazards, are induced entirely or predominantly by human activities and choices

A

Anthropogenic Hazards

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6
Q

they are associated with a combination of natural and anthropogenic factors, including environmental degradation and climate change

A

Socionatural Hazard

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7
Q

are of organic origin or conveyed by biologic vectors, including pathogenic microorganisms, toxins, and bioactive substances

A

Biologic Hazards

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8
Q

originate from internal earth processes

A

Geological or Geophysical Hazard

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9
Q

are of atmospheric, hydrological or oceanographic origin

A

Hydrometerological Hazard

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10
Q

originate from technological and industrial conditions, dangerous procedures, infrastructure failures and other specific human activities

A

Technological Hazards

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11
Q
  • may be chemical, natural, or biological hazards
  • they can be created by environmental degradation or physical or chemical pollution in the air, water, and soil
A

Environmental Hazards

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12
Q

EXAMPLES OF BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS

A
  • bacteria
  • viruses
  • parasites
  • venomous wildlife and insects
  • poisonous plants
  • mosquitos carrying disease-causing agents
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13
Q

EXAMPLES OF GEOLOGICAL OR GEOPHYSICAL HAZARDS

A
  • earthquake
  • volcanic activity and emissions
  • mass movemnts
  • landslides
  • rockslides
  • surface collapses and debris
  • mud flows
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14
Q

EXAMPLES OF HYDROMETEROLOGICAL HAZARDS

A
  • tropical cyclone (typhoons, hurricanes)
  • floods (flashfloods)
  • drought
  • heatwaves and cold spells
  • coastal storm surges
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15
Q

EXAMPLES OF TECHNOLOGICAL HAZARDS

A
  • industrial pollution
  • nuclear radiation
  • toxic wastes
  • dam failures
  • transport accidents
  • factory explosions
  • fires and chemical spills
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16
Q

EXAMPLES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS

A
  • soil degradation
  • deforestation
  • loss of biodiversity
  • salinization
  • sea level rise
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17
Q

It is a rotating, organized system of clouds and thunderstorms that originates over the tropical waters.

A

Tropical cyclone

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18
Q

How tropical storms are formed?

A

High humidity and ocean temperature at 26°C are major contributing factors

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19
Q

Water ______ from the ocean surface and comes into contact with a ____, forming ___. A column of _____ develops at the ___. ____ form around the column. As pressure in the central column (the eye) ____, the speed of the wind around it ____.

A

evaporates
mass of cold air
clouds
low pressure
center
winds
weakens
increases

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20
Q

Basic tropical cyclone structure

A

Eye, Eye wall, Spiral Ring Bands

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21
Q

Area where the wind and rain are lightes usually 10-100 km across

A

Eye

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22
Q

Area where the heaviest rain and strongest wind speeds

A

Eye wall

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23
Q

PAR

A

Philippine Area of Responsibility

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24
Q

TCAD

A

Tropical Cyclone Advisory Domain

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25
TCID
Tropical Cyclone Information Domain
26
CLASSIFICATION OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
- Tropical Depression (TD) - Tropical Storm (TS) - Severe Tropical Storm (STS) - Typhoon (TY) - Severe Typhoon (STY)
27
Tropical cyclone of 61 km/hr or less
Tropical depression
28
Tropical cyclone of 62-88 km/hr
Tropical Storm
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Tropical cyclone of 89-117 km/hr
Severe Tropical Storm
30
Tropical cyclone of 118-184 km/hr
Typhoon
31
Tropical cyclone of 185 km/hr or higher
Severe Typhoon
32
Wind signal #1
TD
33
Wind Signal #2
TS
34
Wind signal #3
STS
35
Wind signal #4
TY
36
Wind signal #5
STY
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TCWS No.1
Minimal to Minor Threat to life and property 36 hours duration
38
TCWS No. 2
Minor to Moderate Threat to life and property 24 hrs duration
39
TCWS No. 3
Moderate to Significant Threat to life and property 18 hrs duration
40
TCWS No. 4
Significant to Severe Threat to life and property 12 hes duration
41
TCWS No. 5
Extreme Threat to life and property 12 hrs duration
42
Secondary Hazards of Tropical Cyclones
Rainfall and Flooding Flashfloods Storm Surges Rain-induced Landslide
43
A rise, usually brief, in the water level in the stream to a peak from which the water level recedes at a slower rate
Flood
44
Happens when large amounts of water usually from rainfall, accumulates faster than it evaporates, dispersed, or get discharged
Flood
45
Types of flooding based on occasion or place of occurrence
River flooding Coastal flooding Urban flooding
46
Types of flooding based on duration or place of occurrence
Flash flooding Sheet flooding
47
Occurs when a large amount of rainfall causes a river to overflow. This type of flooding may last a few hours or many days depending on the intensity and amount of rainfall and carrying capacity of the river.
River flooding
48
May occur due to storm surges, high tide and tsunamis
Coastal flooding
49
Waves produced by earthquakes at sea
Tsunami
50
Occurs in locations where most areas are covered by buildinga or paved. During heavy rains, water cannot infiltrate into the ground and accumulates on the surface. It is also caused by the limited capacity of drainage systems to accommodate heavy rains.
Urban flooding
51
is a result of heavy rainfall over a relatively small drainage area. It carry highly destructive flood waves and are most common in mountainous areas or in steep places that have streams flowing through narrow canyons. It happens quickly and with little warning.
Flash flooding
52
Is caused by shallow water flowing over a wide area and is very common in flood plains that are normally flat. It may also result when water in a river channel with insufficient carrying capacity overtops its banks, inundating the adjacent areas.
Sheet flooding
53
Causes of flooding
-heavy continuous rain that lasts for days or ceases only briefly -heavy situation of the river system that decreases the carrying capacity of the river -overtopping of dikes and levees -insufficient carrying capacities of the river system -changes in tide
54
Is a particular type of flood which develops after no more than six hours
Flashfloods
55
a coastal flood or tsunami-like phenomenon of rising water commonly associated with low pressure weather systems
Storm surges
56
is the mass movement of rock, soil, and debris down a slope due to gravity
Landslide / rain-induced Landslide
57
EFFECTS OF EARTHQUAKES
- ground shaking and rupture - landslides - liquefaction - tsunami
58
Are situations that make a certain population more susceptible to damaging effects of the hazard
Vulnerability
59
Structural Elements of Physical-Material Vulnerability
Main building or house - many buildings are very old and weak - old buildings were constructed when Design codes did NOT exist - codes not strictly followed in new buildings - engineers unaware of earthquake resistant designs - poor quality of materials - poor construction - untrained masons or carpenters
60
Non-Structural Elemnts of Physical-Material Vulnerability
Those which are attached to or housed in a building or building systems, but are not part of the main load-resisting structural system of the building - architectural designs - mechanical components - electrical fixtures - furnitures
61
Things To Do Before an Earthquake
- Request for proper authorities to check structural integrity of buildings. - COMPLY with building codes and use quality material. - Exit doors should swing out. - Strap heavy equipment and furniture to the walls. - Store chemicals, breakable items, and flammables at the lowest shelves of the cabinet. - Avoid or secure hanging appliances or fixtures. - Familiarize everyone where the nearest exits are and practice evacuation protocols (drills). - Teach everyone how to use fire extinguishers, first aid kits, survival kits, alarms, and orher warning devices. -Prepare a contingency plan and organize ahead members of the incident command system to promote coordination and avoid chaos during earthquakes. -
62
Anatomy of Earthquake
Epicenter Focus Wave Fronts Fault Faulth Scarp

Ncm 121 (3 decks)

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