Understand the characteristics of accepted garden styles Flashcards
Describe the difference between formality and informality in garden design
To include examples of features associated with each style of garden (fountains, knot gardens and wildlife pond, wildflower meadows
Formality
Formal planting, plants will repeat at regular intervals and in even numbers - style brings harmony through logic, balance and the reassurance of a simple beat.
Geometric shapes / symmetry / clipped formal hedges e.g. box, yew, hornbeam, beech / statuary / fountains / topiary / trees in arcades / knot garden/parterre / The Lutyens bench / perfect circles and curves / straight lines / avenues of pleached/trained trees / edging, infill and spotting planting for beds / rills/canals / geometric ponds / STONE / wrought iron / painted wood / verticle elements - cones, pyramids, spheres / fewer but mroe prominent plants / enclosed by walls or hedges / manicured lawns
Informality
Naturalistic planting / irregular shapes /asymmetry / curving/meandering paths / wildlife features e.g. pond / informal hedging (not clipped) e,g, forsythia, lavender, mixed hedging / wildflower meadow / self-sown annuals and biennials / trees and shrubs allowed to grow to natural shape / feature/specimen trees and shrubs not in avenue / nature pond / streams / bubble ponds / rocky cascade / rought stone (boulders) / gravel / brick / unpainted wood / RUSTIC / more in sympathy with landscape / curved, flowing lines / informal or no hedging / profusion of planting
What is the difference between formal and informal planting design?
What is the difference between formal and informal planting design?
What is the difference between formal and informal planting design?
Describe the main characteristics of a knot garden, a landscape garden and a cottage garden
To include the typical hard and soft landscaping features of a knot garden (clipped hedges, shapes, infill, pattern)
A landscape garden (English landscape garden, borrowed views, serpentine lakes, palladian bridges, ha has, temples, follies, grottos, hermitages, chinese bridges and pagodas
A cottage garden (annuals and ‘easy’ perennials, vegetables, gravel paths, brick edging, picket fences
What are the min charateristics of a knot garden?
Area divided in formal flower beds / distinct yet interlinked spaces
Sometimes meant to be viewed from above e.g. raised terraces - close to house to mirrow lines of houses
Symmetry / intricate shapes / woven intricate ‘knot work of low CLIPPED hedges (box) - labour intensice process
clipped topiary focal points with gravel base / space could also be filled with ‘infill’ plants, more like a parterre - often herbs
paths/space between hedges laid with fine gravel/shingle
Geomtetric layout
What are the main characteristics of an English Landscape garden?
Creating perfect views/borrowed landscape / looked more like parkland - natural ffeel / rolling grassland/parkland
large-scale - scale and proportion very important
neo-classical features (buildings, bridges)
serpentine lake, or rives with stone bridges/chinese bridges over it
follies, statuary, temples and grottoes to add focal points and interest to the view
paths will take you on a route to see the best views
ha-ha, hidden boundary to allow sheep to graze in parkland without disturbing garden
specimen native trees planted in garden or a in stands (allowed for natural openings for views for paths - used to frame and conceal views
views generally uninterrupted by fences and walls
narrow range of plants featured
Hard landscaping for English landscape garden
Principles of design for English landscape garden
Unity/cohesion - informal style / repeated colour palette (mainly green) / buildings and statues made from same stone / informal pattern - no formal shapes
Colour - limited colour palette
Repetition - sinuous shapes / informal . repetition of tree planting / same material used for buildings
Movement - Bands of trees guide the eye to focal points around the garden / practical paths travel around the garden stopping at focal points along the way
Focal points - statues / specimen trees e,g, Cedrus libani / buildings suc as caves, grottos, temples, hermitages, church in the distance will attract eye and provide interest
Form - tree structure
Asymmetry - only symmetry seen in building design / garden designed to be viewed from house
Balance - asymmetrical balance is achieved from many different viewpoints as the focal points are carefully position and trees and shrubbery balance the mass on each side
What are the main characteristics of cottage gardens?
Combination of ornamentals and edibles (e.g. fruit trees, potager style)
Functional garden
naturalistic informal planting - makes us of self-seeding annuals and biennials / loose / overflowing / mixed / abundant planting
colour scheme usually harmonious (typically pastels) / lots of different plants and dense planting - to reduce weeding
mix of ‘easy’ herbaceous perennials, annuals and biennials (Self-seeding) and shrubs
often relies on formal structure filled with informal planting
found materials - locally sourced (e.g. reclaimed brick, stone, crazy paving)
paths meandering/winding usually brick,
fences (usually picket) arches/benches usually wooden/rustic, unpainted / found objects
unclipped hedges are more natural and often mixed e.g crataegus, fagus, prunus spinosa, rosa rugosa
water features - wildlife pond, simple spout foutain, rocky cascade
What are the key design elements of a cottage garden?
Profuse planting - can be high maintenance
Rustic furniture
Rose arbours - pretty shelters for seating and linking different areas
Weathered paths - (can often be narrow - obscure a clear way through) brick, stone sett and gravel pathways provide textured surfaces as foils for to complex planting - allows plants to self-seed and soften the boundary between path and border
Vegetables and herbs - functional garden - the presence of flowers softens this functional appearance and may help to control pests
Hard landscaping for a cottage garden
natural stone or bricks / weathered or rescued materials favoured for aged and subtle appearance / gravel for pathways allows for self-seeding /
Pathwas are often narrow so that plants partially obscure a clear way through - softens appearance of the garden and brings you in close contact with the garden -scent foliage, textures
Principles of design for English landscape garden
Unity/cohesion - informal style / repeated colour palette (mainly green) / buildings and statues made from same stone / informal pattern - no formal shapes
Colour - limited colour palette
Repetition - sinuous shapes / informal . repetition of tree planting / same material used for buildings
Movement - Bands of trees guide the eye to focal points around the garden / practical paths travel around the garden stopping at focal points along the way
Focal points - statues / specimen trees e,g, Cedrus libani / buildings suc as caves, grottos, temples, hermitages, church in the distance will attract eye and provide interest
Form - tree structure
Asymmetry - only symmetry seen in building design / garden designed to be viewed from house
Balance - asymmetrical balance is achieved from many different viewpoints as focal points
