Undderstanding Oxydation States Flashcards
Oxidation state/number - simple definition
- the number of electrons gained or lost from the valence shell required to satisfy energy stability in the valence shell
- octet rule applies for elements in row 2 of periodic table
- applies to both ionic and covalent bonds
- ex. Na losses an electron to F to satisfy octet rule - ionic bond. oxidation number is 1+
- O shares 2 electrons to statisfy octet rule - covalent bond. oxidation number is 2-
What is the oxidation state/number of an atom?
In chemistry, the oxidation state, or oxidation number, is the hypothetical charge of an atom if all of its bonds to other atoms were fully ionic. It describes the degree of oxidation (loss of electrons) of an atom in a chemical compound. Conceptually, the oxidation state may be positive, negative or zero. Beside nearly-pure ionic bonding, many covalent bonds exhibit a strong ionicity, making oxidation state a useful predictor of charge.
How many valence electons are in
H, C, N, O, P, and S
HCNOPS
What is an oxidation state?
An oxidation state is a measure of the degree of oxidation of an atom in a chemical compound, indicating the number of electrons lost or gained.
True or False: Oxidation states can be positive, negative, or zero.
True
What is the oxidation state of an element in its elemental form?
The oxidation state of an element in its elemental form is zero.
In chemistry, “elemental form” means a substance exists as a pure element, meaning it is made up of only one type of atom (with full complement of electrons and protons) and has no net charge.
It is not chemically combined with any other elements; essentially, it’s the simplest form a substance can be in, without being bonded to other elements.
Fill in the blank: The oxidation state of hydrogen is usually ____.
+1
Which group in the periodic table typically has an oxidation state of -1?
Group 17 (Halogens)
What is the common oxidation state of alkali metals?
+1
What oxidation state do alkaline earth metals typically exhibit?
+2
True or False: Transition metals can have multiple oxidation states.
True
What is the highest oxidation state of carbon?
+4
Which oxidation state is characteristic of oxygen in most compounds?
-2
What is the oxidation state of nitrogen in ammonia (NH3)?
-3
Fill in the blank: The sum of the oxidation states in a neutral compound is ____.
0
In which period of the periodic table do elements start to show variable oxidation states?
Period 4 and beyond
What oxidation state do noble gases typically have?
0
Which element commonly exhibits an oxidation state of +7?
Manganese (Mn)
True or False: Oxidation states are used to determine the electron transfer in redox reactions.
True
What oxidation state does sulfur exhibit in sulfuric acid (H2SO4)?
+6
What is the relationship between oxidation states and the periodic table?
Oxidation states often correlate with an element’s position in the periodic table, influencing its chemical behavior.
Which element has an oxidation state of -1 in its most common ion?
Chlorine (Cl)
Fill in the blank: The oxidation state of a monatomic ion is equal to its ____.
charge
What is the oxidation state of iron in Fe2O3?
+3
Which oxidation state is most common for silver?
+1
True or False: Oxidation states are always integers.
True
What oxidation state does phosphorus typically exhibit in phosphoric acid (H3PO4)?
+5
Fill in the blank: The oxidation state of an element can change based on the ____ it forms.
compound
What is the oxidation state of chromium in potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7)?
+6
