DNA Flashcards
What is a glycosidic bond?
A glycosidic bond is a type of ether bond that joins a carbohydrate molecule to another group, which may or may not be another carbohydrate.
Glycosides contain glycosidic bonds.
What forms a glycosidic bond?
A glycosidic bond is formed between the hemiacetal or hemiketal group of a saccharide and the hydroxyl group of some compound such as an alcohol.
What is a glycoside?
A substance containing a glycosidic bond.
Define anomeric carbon.
In a cyclic carbohydrate, the anomeric carbon is the carbon that was the carbonyl carbon in acyclic form.
What are nucleobases?
Nucleobases are nitrogen-containing biological compounds that form nucleosides, which are components of nucleotides.
List the five primary nucleobases.
- Adenine (A)
- Cytosine (C)
- Guanine (G)
- Thymine (T)
- Uracil (U)
Which nucleobases are found in DNA?
- Adenine (A)
- Guanine (G)
- Cytosine (C)
- Thymine (T)
Which nucleobases are found in RNA?
- Adenine (A)
- Guanine (G)
- Cytosine (C)
- Uracil (U)
What distinguishes thymine from uracil?
Thymine and uracil are distinguished by the presence or absence of a methyl group on the fifth carbon (C5) of their rings.
True or False: Aminoadenine (Z) is a primary nucleobase.
False
What is the structure pathway from nucleobase to DNA?
NucleoBase → nucleoSide → nucleoTide → DNA.
What is adenosine triphosphate composed of?
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is composed of adenine, ribose, and three phosphate groups.
Fill in the blank: A nucleoSide is formed by adding ribose to a _______.
nucleoBase
What components make up a nucleotide?
A nucleotide is made up of:
* nitrogenous base
* pentose sugar
* phosphate group
What is the difference between a nucleoSide and a nucleoTide?
A nucleoSide has no phosphate, while a nucleoTide includes a phosphate group.
What is the structure of a pyrimidine?
A pyrimidine has a six-membered ring structure.
