Unconscious States of Mind Flashcards
What are the three levels of consciousness (psychodynamic)?
Conscious, preconscious, and unconscious.
What is the cognitive view of consciousness?
Consciousness is the output of mental processes like perception, memory, and attention that work both consciously and unconsciously.
What are circadian rhythms?
Biological cycles that repeat approximately every 24 hours (e.g., sleep-wake cycle).
What brain structure regulates circadian rhythms?
The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the hypothalamus.
What disrupts circadian rhythms?
Jet lag, shift work, and lack of natural light.
What are the stages of sleep?
NREM-1, NREM-2, NREM-3 (deep sleep), and REM sleep.
What happens during REM sleep
Rapid eye movement, vivid dreams, brain activity similar to being awake, muscle paralysis.
Why do we sleep?
Restorative functions, memory consolidation, energy conservation, and immune support.
What is sleep deprivation linked to?
Poor memory, reduced focus, irritability, and health issues.
What are common sleep disorders?
Insomnia, narcolepsy, sleep apnea, sleepwalking, and night terrors.
What is the activation-synthesis theory of dreams?
Dreams are the brain’s attempt to make sense of random neural activity during REM sleep.
What is Freud’s theory of dreams?
Dreams reveal unconscious desires (manifest content = surface storyline; latent content = hidden meaning).
What are psychoactive drugs?
Substances that alter brain chemistry and affect perception, mood, and behavior.
What is drug tolerance?
Needing more of a drug to get the same effect due to brain adaptation.
What is withdrawal?
Physical or psychological symptoms after stopping a drug.
What are depressants?
Drugs that slow CNS activity (e.g., alcohol, benzodiazepines).
What are stimulants?
Drugs that increase CNS activity (e.g., caffeine, nicotine, cocaine).
What are opiates?
Painkillers that produce euphoria and drowsiness (e.g., heroin, morphine).
What are hallucinogens?
Drugs that cause sensory distortions (e.g., LSD, psilocybin).
What’s unique about marijuana?
It has properties of depressants, stimulants, and hallucinogens; affects memory and coordination.
What factors influence drug effects?
Genetics, body weight, tolerance, mood, expectations, environment, and culture.
What is hypnosis?
An altered state of consciousness involving deep focus, relaxation, and high suggestibility.
What is hypnotic analgesia?
The ability to feel less pain under hypnosis.
What is the divided consciousness theory of hypnosis?
Hypnosis splits awareness—one part follows suggestions, the other observes silently.
