unconscious Flashcards
What are the borders of the neck?
Anterior triangle:-anterior - midline of neck-posterior - anterior of sternocleidomastoid-superiorly - inferior border of the mandiblePosterior triangle:-anterior - posterior border of sternocleidomastoid -posterior - anterior border of trapezius-inferiorly - clavicle
Lymph nodes in the neck are divided into how many groups? What do these groups drain?
6 groups.Group 1 submental/submandibular - drain oral cavity and oropharynxGroup 2 upper deep cervical - drain oral cavity and oropharynxGroup 3 mid deep cervical - oral cavity, naso/oropharynx, hypopharynx, layrinx.Group 4 lower deep cervical - hypharinx, subglottal layrinx, thyroid, oesophagus.Group 5 posterior triangl, nasopharynxGroup 6 paratrachael - thyroid
When considering the age of a patient presenting with a neck lump, what are the most common causes by age?
Paediatric - reactive lymph node, congenital, or neoplasm.16-40yrs - inflammatory, thyroid malignancy.40+ - consider a neck lump malignant unit proven otherwise.
In terms of time span of a lump, a lump that appears within the last three weeks is likely to be…?
Inflammatory or infective.
When examination of neck lump is performed, how should it take place?
With the patient seated and the clinician standing behind the patient, with the neck adequately exposed.
What are three neck lumps commonly found in the posterior triangle?
Lymph node.Lymphoma.Cystic hygroma.
What are three neck lumps commonly found in the midline of the anterior triangle of the neck?
Dermis cyst.Thyroglossal cyst.Thyroid mass.
What non-midline masses may frequently be found in the anterior triangle of the neck?
Pharyngeal pouch.Branchial cyst.Salivary gland pathology.Lymph node.Caroitid body tumour.
When assessing a lump, what characteristics should be assessed?
Shape.Size.Surface.Consistency.Relationship to other anatomical structures.Mobility (if a lump moves on swallowing it is likely to be fixed to the trachea and thyroid in origin; if a lump moves on protrusion of the tongue it is likely fixed to the hyoid bone, e.g., a thyroglossal cyst).Tenderness?
What would a tender lump suggest?
Usually an infective or inflammatory process.
What would a painless had mass represent?
Would raise fears of malignancy.
On identifying a parotid mass, what warrants careful observation?
The facial nerve should be thoroughly examined as the facial nerve passes through the parotid glad.
A neck lump may prompt a more general examination - for example?
A thyroid lump may prompt a thorough examination for thyroid disease manifest elsewhere in the body.A Virchows node may prompt an examination of the abdomen, e.g., organomegally or other organ masses.
Neck lumps can be classified into four group - what are they?
CongenitalInflammatory NeoplasiaMiscellaneous
What congenital causes of neck lump might there be?
Thyroglossal cyst
