Unconfident Topics

Question 1

What is energy provided from?

Answer 1

Respiration

Question 2

What are the 2 types of respiration?

Answer 2

Aerobic and anaerobic

Question 3

When is anaerobic respiration used?

Answer 3

Vigorous exercise

Question 4

What is the formula for anaerobic respiration?

Answer 4

Glucose -> lactic acid

Question 5

What is oxygen debt?

Answer 5

Amount of oxygen needed after exercise to get rid of lactic acid

Question 6

What is the metabolism?

Answer 6

Sum if all chemical reactions in body.

Question 7

How is glucose stored in plants?

Answer 7

Cellulose, starch, amino acids

Question 8

How is glucose stored in animals?

Answer 8

Glycogen

Question 9

What is the first limiting factor?

Answer 9

Light intensity

Question 10

What is the second limiting factor?

Answer 10

Co2 concentration

Question 11

What is the third limiting factor?

Answer 11

Temperature

Question 12

What is the practical for photosynthesis?

Answer 12

• boiling tube- 10cm from LED light
•fill w sodium hydrocarbonate
• pondweed in tube
• count bubbles produced
• repeat at 20,30,40 cm

Question 13

What was the first antibiotic?

Answer 13

Penecillin

Question 14

What is TMV?

Answer 14

Causes discoloured leaves which prevents photosynthesis

Question 15

What is RBS?

Answer 15

Caused by fungus, purple spots stop photosynthesis. Can burn leaves or use fungicides

Question 16

What do pathogens produce in the body?

Answer 16

Toxins

Question 17

How does phagocytosis work?

Answer 17

Enzymes are used to ingest the pathogens

Question 18

How do antibodies work?

Answer 18

They are specific and stick to the pathogens then destroy them. They last for a long time and protect u from the same virus

Question 19

How do antitoxins work?

Answer 19

Stick to toxins and stop them working

Question 20

How is the skin a defence system?

Answer 20

Protective layer of dead cells

Question 21

How is the nose a defence system?

Answer 21

Hair + mucus traps the pathogens

Question 22

How are the lungs defence systems?

Answer 22

Cilia covered in mucus trap pathogens and waft them to stomach to be digested

Question 23

How is the stomach a defence system?

Answer 23

Hydrochloric acid traps and kills pathogens

Question 24

What is malaria?

Answer 24

Protist spread by mosquitos. Prevent procreating- drain water or spray w pesticides. Mosquito nets.

Question 25

What is salmonella?

Answer 25

Bacterial. Fever cramps and diarrhoea. Ingesting infected food. Can vaccinate chickens.

Question 26

What is gonorrhoea?

Answer 26

STD, bacterial, yellow discharge, pain when urinating. Use condoms, tested and use antibiotics

Question 27

What is measles?

Answer 27

Virus. Fever, rash. Spread by cough or sneeze. Often vaccinated young

Question 28

What is HIV?

Answer 28

Flu, damages immune system and becomes at risk of small deadly illness. Can use antiretroviral drugs

Question 29

What is transpiration?

Answer 29

When the water is evaporated on the surface water is transported through the xylem to replace it. Allows photosynthesis.

Question 30

What does the stomata do?

Answer 30

At high light intensities, the guard cells open to allow photosynthesis

Question 31

What is the epidermal cells?

Answer 31

At the top + bottom. Transparent to allow light to pass through

Question 32

What is the palisade mesophyll?

Answer 32

Contains chloroplasts for photosynthesis

Question 33

What is the spongy mesophyll?

Answer 33

Air space allows diffusion

Question 34

What does the xylem transport?

Answer 34

Water and minerals

Question 35

What does the phloem transport?

Answer 35

Sugars

Question 36

Where does gas exchange in the lungs happen?

Answer 36

Alveoli

Question 37

What adaptations do the alveoli have?

Answer 37

Large SA, thin walls for a short diffusion path, good blood supply high conc gradient

Question 38

What is Coronary heart disease?

Answer 38

Fatty build up in arteries reduces blood blow and oxygen going to the heart.

Question 39

What is a stent?

Answer 39

Small metal plate put in artery to keep it open and the blood flowing

Question 40

What is a statin?

Answer 40

Drugs to keep the cholesterol low.

Question 41

What does plasma in the blood transport?

Answer 41

Glucose and co2

Question 42

How are the WBC adapted?

Answer 42

They have a nucleus that contains DNA and instructions on how to do their job

Question 43

How are the RBC adapted?

Answer 43

No nucleus so there’s more room for o2. Larger surface area.

Question 44

What do platelets help with?

Answer 44

Blood clots

Question 45

How are arteries adapted?

Answer 45

Thick walls for high pressures. Elastic material for surges of blood

Question 46

How are the capillaries adapted?

Answer 46

Thin walls for a shorted diffusion pathway

Question 47

How are veins adapted?

Answer 47

Thin walls for low blood pressure and valves to stop backflow

Question 48

What are the 2 top chambers of the heart called?

Answer 48

Atrium

Question 49

What are the 2 bottom chambers of the heart?

Answer 49

Ventricles

Question 50

What does the vena cava carry?

Answer 50

Deoxygenated blood from the body

Question 51

What does the pulmonary artery carry?

Answer 51

Blood from the heart to lungs

Question 52

What does the pulmonary vein carry?

Answer 52

Blood from the lungs to the heart

Question 53

What does the aorta carry?

Answer 53

Blood from the heart to the body

Question 54

What are the adaptations of the left side of the heart?

Answer 54

Thicker and more muscular because it provides blood to the rest of the body