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Step 7 > Uncle Bobs > Flashcards

Uncle Bobs Flashcards

1
Q

Advantages of HVDC transmission over AC transmission

A 
Instantaneous power level change
Dynamic stabilization of interconnected AC systems
Lower transmission line costs
Lower line losses
No line reactive compensation
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2
Q

Series capacitors on Long transmission lines capacitive reactance cancels some or all of the Lions inductive reactance reducing the overall impedance of the line, therefore reducing the lines voltage drop and securing its loading capability ( it makes the line appear shorter)

A

True

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3
Q

The PDCI uses the _____________ method of operation when the earth is used as a conductor

A

Monopolar ground return

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4
Q

A team composed of Representative from outage dispatching, transmission marketing, and transmission Field Services who are tasked with proposing monthly outage plan for consideration and approval by path owners

A

Outage coordination group

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5
Q

Attempts to evaluate and quantify how the power system responds to changes

A

Studies

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6
Q

The part of BPA transmission facilities that includes all 500kv service and excludes all lower voltage lines

A

BPA Network

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7
Q

The maximum transfer capacity of a scheduled path, usually set by the WECC. This is the same as the RTC

A

Rating

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8
Q

Capacity that is sold only during real-time if it is available on the transmission path

A

Non-firm transmission

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9
Q

The part of the contract that is known as “take & pay”, usually set by the WECC

A

Firm transmission

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10
Q

Any manage intertie path affected by a significant equipment outage

A

Affected path

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11
Q

An outage that does not meet the criteria for emergency or Urgent outage

A

Routine outage

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12
Q

Permission from the dispatcher can be granted to open ground switches associated with a work clearance, provided that ________ _________ __________ have been installed as substitutes for the ground switches

A

Portable protective grounds

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13
Q

Low voltage isolating devices shall be opened and tagged with a do not operate tag for the clearance holder for the purpose of controlling energization of high-voltage equipment including within the clearance from potential backfeed through low voltage sources such as:

A

An engine generator
an alternate Station Service
As determined to be a low voltage source by the substation operator

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14
Q

If any power circuit breaker tag for a hold order opens automatically while the hold order is in effect;

A

The switchman shall notify the dispatcher immediately

the dispatcher shall communicate with the crew having the hold order

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15
Q

Work permit tags are used for

A

High voltage power system equipment or circuits that are being worked on when the protection of a clearance or a hold order is not required, and the applicable minimum approach distance will not be violated.
Fiber optic circuits for work.
Low voltage power system equipment or circuit work

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16
Q

A system dispatcher shall, when necessary, order a ____________ tag for the dispatcher placed on an open isolating device to prevent its operation

A

Do not operate

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17
Q

The glossary defines isolating device as an electrical apparatus used to isolate power system lines and equipment from a source of energy Station. High voltage isolation devices include:

A

Disconnect switches
hot sticks links
removable bus links
transmission line jumpers

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18
Q

RAS are armed

A

Manually by the RAS dispatcher
automatically in response to system conditions such as power flow, position of Disconnects, or PCBs
some remain constantly armed

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19
Q

Duties of a generation dispatcher

A

Operate the automatic generation control computer system.
Follows scheduled generation patterns and interchange schedule.
In cooperation with dispatchers of other utilities, incorporate their systems into BPA balancing Authority.
Gives permission to remove federal dams from service
Maintains necessary records, calculates inadvertent interchange and regulating margin, and determines accuracy of telemetering quantities each hour

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20
Q

AGC monitors only the frequency the power system. if frequency deviates from 60 hertz scheduled frequency, AGC will adjust the set point of generators to maintain the scheduled frequency

A

Flat frequency control

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21
Q

AGC monitors the tie lines to other balancing authorities. If the actual transfer deviate from the scheduled values, AGC will adjust generation until power flow is returned to scheduled values

A

Flat tie line bias

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22
Q

Combines “flat frequency control” and “flat tie line bias control”. In this mode AGC responds to the “area control error” a signal which is calculated from actual and scheduled interchange flow as well as actual and scheduled frequency

A

Tie line bias

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23
Q

Out of Step simply means a situation where generators or systems lose synchronicity with each other

A

True

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24
Q

Reactive margin represents, in MVAR, how much additional stress can be put on the power system before a system break up

A

True

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25
Q

The more rotating reserve that is in service, the more difficult it becomes for out-of-step conditions to break up the system

A

True

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26
Q

Reactive response depends on speed to prevent voltage collapse

A

True

27
Q

FACRI/ reactive device switching scheme

A

FACRI can insert series capacitors
The FACRI scheme adds to reactive margin
The reactive device switching scheme was installed for the purpose of improving voltage stability in the Northwest for BPA line loss

28
Q

Under frequency occurs when load is lost and there is more generation then load

A

False

29
Q

Powering down a SCADA RTU at a substation with RAS would have no impact on the operation and stability of the power system

A

False

30
Q

Which of the following statements are true about generators within a balancing Authority

A

All generating units are responsible for providing Primary Response in the form of Governor controlled generation.
AGC system does not regulate the output of all generators all the time, only those necessary to match load and generation and to maintain frequency

31
Q

Time error due to under frequency is corrected by ___________ 0.02 Hz until correction occurs

A

Over- generating

32
Q

Which classifications below are associated with a type of voltage collapse

A

Long term
classical
transient

33
Q

Does Raising generator and transmission voltages raise or lower the power transfer capability

A

Raise

34
Q

Which statements are true about transient voltage collapse

A

One variation of this type of voltage collapse is the system goes out of Step, separates and experiences voltage collapse.
Induction loads all starting at once leading to reactive power swing. Could be thought of as part of “cold load start” when after a long outage a large load is picked up

35
Q

If the power system loses stability due to the small continuous changes in generation and load the system suffers from steady-state instability

A

True

36
Q

The purpose of remedial action schemes are to maximize which of the following

A

Reliability.
Power transfer capability of the BPA main grid.
Power transfer capability of the western interconnected system

37
Q

Power transfer between two substations over a transmission line depends on the voltage at each substation, the impedance between them, and the phase angle difference between the two substations

A

True

38
Q

Each individual balancing Authority area is responsible for balancing its load and generation to maintain voltage

A

True

39
Q

Frequency is generally regulated by which of the following actions

A

Regulating generator governors.
Automatic generation control.
Tertiary response by dispatchers and Power schedulers

40
Q

That’s the requirements for the 45-day outage process

A

NWPP

41
Q

Set the requirements for DART

A

BPA

42
Q

That’s the requirements for studies for significant equipment

A

WECC

43
Q

Procedure for load restoration after an automatic shedding operation

A

Find manual restoration at the direction of the BPA dispatcher

44
Q

Locations on the power system were commercial transactions are limited by System capacity. Determined by power system studies as likely spots for RAS intervention until system reinforcements are in place

A

Bottleneck

45
Q

An algorithm that evaluates numerous system variables and numerical values and establishes system responses

A

Nomogram

46
Q

And interconnected transmission system disconnecting as the result of a voltage collapse or other system condition, breaking up into separate areas

A

Islanding

47
Q

Reflect the actual implementation of DSOs on the system

A

Intertie protection scheme

48
Q

A system of transmission lines permitting a flow of energy between major Power Systems

A

Intertie

49
Q

The arrangement by which two or more balancing authorities exchange power

A

Interchange schedule

50
Q

Major bottleneck in the system that consistently requires special monitoring for overload conditions

A

Cutplane

51
Q

In a power system oh, the possibility of a fault or equipment failure described as N-1 or N-2

A

Contingency

52
Q

Significant equipment is electrical system equipment, when taken out of service, requires a study to assure reliable operation on a path. This includes outages that alone might not affect capacity, but under credible conditions, in combination with others, could have an effect

A

True

53
Q

Behaviors that, although not necessarily prescribed by FERC Open Access Transmission Tariff, have been deemed beneficial to conducting business

A

Business practices

54
Q

A managed path that has capacity reduced by System operating conditions and/or a significant equipment outage

A

Constrained transmission path

55
Q

The capacity to which any affected managed path is reduced such that system stability is unquestionable during unstudied significant equipment outages

A

Default level

56
Q

The commonly known service generally recognized as BPA transmission

A

Point to point

57
Q

An outage involving the removal from service of significant equipment

A

Significant outage

58
Q

A line or group of lines over which power flows are scheduled and transfer capacity is sold

A

Scheduled path

59
Q

Electrical system equipment when taken out of service may require a study to ensure reliable operation on a path

A

Significant equipment

60
Q

Any managed intertie path affected by a significant equipment outage

A

Affected path

61
Q

Internet website where BPA post outage and capacity

A

OASIS

62
Q

Either the real-time actual reduction of sold or unfold capacity or a reduction of sold or unsold capacity due to a unstudied condition

A

Curtailment

63
Q

A major transmission path connecting BPA with other interconnected systems

A

Intertie

64
Q

A set of monitored variables that can affect capacities on manage path. these variables can include temperature loading and generation

A

Nomogram

Step 7 (3 decks)

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