Ultrastructure Of Cells Pt.2

Question 1

What kind of cell has a primitive nucleus

Answer 1

Prokaryotic cell

Question 2

What is the function of mitochondria

Answer 2

Providing the cell with ATP energy and is involved during respiration

Question 3

Why is mitochondria semi-autonomous

Answer 3

Cause it has its own version of DNA and can divide without normal cell division

Question 4

Describe mitochondria

Answer 4

Has a smooth outer wall & folded inner membrane that encloses a matrix that has enzymes and DNA

Question 5

What is the function of ribosome

Answer 5

They are the site for protein synthesis

Question 6

Where are ribosomes made

Answer 6

In the nucleolus

Question 7

What happens after ribosomes have been made

Answer 7

They exit the nucleus and assemble in the cytoplasm to form functional ribosomes.

Some of the ribosomes are attached to the nuclear membrane or ER

Question 8

What is the Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 8

A network of folded membrane called either the

ROUGH ER or SMOOTH ER

Question 9

Function of ROUGH ER

Answer 9

Extends directly from nuclear envelope and synthesises proteins.

Proteins get processed and sorted

Question 10

Function of smooth ER

Answer 10

Extends directly from the rough ER and detoxifies certain drugs
Synthesises fatty acids and steroids
Enzymes from smooth ER help glucose reach bloodstream and get rid of drugs e.g alcohol.

Question 11

Function of golgi body

Answer 11

Contains 3-20 cistern and accepts synthesised proteins from the ROUGH ER to modify them into glyco and lipoproteins.

Question 12

What is the function of chromatin

Answer 12

Compressing DNA into a compact unit so it takes up less space

Question 13

Where is chromatin found

Answer 13

Nucleus

Question 14

What do lysosomes do

Answer 14

Send out digestive enzymes

Question 15

How is nucleus separated from cytoplasm

Answer 15

By its nuclear envelope

Question 16

What is nuclear envelope made out of

Answer 16

Lipid bilayer

Question 17

What are openings in the nuclear envelope called

Answer 17

Nuclear pores

Question 18

What is the function of nuclear pores

Answer 18

Controlling movement of substances between cytoplasm and nucleus

Question 19

What is the function of cell junctions

Answer 19

Connecting cells to each other

Question 20

What kind of junctions are found in epithelial cells

Answer 20

Anchoring junctions/ Adherens Junctions

Question 21

What kind of adherens junctions are there

Answer 21

Zonula Adheren with actin filaments

Macula adherens with intermediate filaments (desmosomes)

Question 22

Function of macula adherens

Answer 22

connecting cells together that are mostly found in the epithelia and that need to withstand abrasion e.g. skin

Question 23

What are tight junctions

Answer 23

Regions where 2 cells are very tightly connected, the whole perimeter of the cell mostly has this tight connection forming a tight belt. The region is called tight junction or zonula occluden

Question 24

Why do tight junctions have tight connection between cells

Answer 24

To prevent any molecule from entering

Question 25

What is a gap junction

Answer 25

A gap junction connects cells electrically or metabolically allowing cells to communicate directly. These junctions can open or close depending on changes in calcium and ph.