Ultrasound

Question 1

Indications

Answer 1

• Tissue healing
• Soft tissue contracture
• Scar tissue
• Pain
• Muscle spasm
• Neuralgia
• Bursitis
• Tendonitis
• Calcium deposits
• Metal implants are not affected

Question 2

Contraindications

Answer 2

• Through the brain
• Over carotid sinus
• Pregnancy
• Mental impairment
• Over the eyes
• Hemorrhage, infection, malignancy (HIM)
• Pacemaker
• Through the heart
• Circulatory impairment
• Sensory impairment
• Thrombosis
• Severe arterial disease
• Over spinal column after laminectomy
• Bony prominences
• Epiphyseal growth plates before maturity

Question 3

Physiological Effect

Answer 3

• Increased cell membrane permeability (enhanced soft tissue healing)
• Increased cell metabolism (enhanced soft tissue healing)
• Cell membrane disruption (enhanced skin permeability - decreased inflammatory response - decreased pain)

Question 4

Protocol

Answer 4

Available frequencies

• 1 MHz
• 3 MHz

Treatment settings
- Area 2-3x the transducer faceplate (ERA)

Direct Technique (contact with gel)

• Acute conditions: less than or equal to 0.5 W/cm2
• Chronic conditions: less than or equal to 1.0 W/cm2

Indirect Technique (underwater) 0.5-1.0” from body part
- Acute conditions: less than or equal to 1.0 W/cm2
- Chronic conditions: less than or equal to 1.5 W/
cm2

Thermal Effects
- 0.5 - 1.0 W/cm2 continuous mode

Mechanical Effects (non-thermal)
- 0.5 W/cm2 pulsed mode 20% duty cycle

Treatment Duration

• Acute: 3 - 5 minutes
• Chronic: 8 - 10 minutes