Ultrasound Flashcards
What are the indications for US treatment?
Bone Healing Chronic Inflammation Inflammation from myositis ossificans Increase collagen extensibility Increase blood flow Increase protein synthesis Joint contracture Myofascial trigger points Plantar warts Pain modulation Reduction of muscle spasm Repair non-union fx Scar tissue Soft tissue healing and repair Tissue regeneration
What are the different US frequencies and when would you use each?
1MHz - deeper tissue >2.5cm
3MHz - shallow tissue - <2.5cm
What are the thermal effects of US?
Increase collagen extensibility Reduce viscosity of fluid in tissue Decrease joint stiffness Reduce muscle spasm Diminished pain perception Increase metabolism Increase blood flow
What are the non-thermal effects of US?
Alteration of immune cells to injured area
Calcium ion influx
Cell membrane alteration
Increase fibroblasts
Increase phagocytic activity of macrophages
Increase protein synthesis
Increase capillary density of ischemic tissue
Increase histamine release
Tissue regeneration
Vascular regeneration
Wound healing
What are the precautions for using US?
Areas of decreased temp sensation Areas of decreased circulation Epiphyseal plate in youth Metal implants Total joint replacements
What are the contraindications for US?
Acute and post-acute conditions (thermal effects) Eyes Reproductive organs Thrombophlebitis Vascular insuffiencies
What are the advantages of US?
Great for treating small/specific areas
Deeper heating achieved
Fewer contraindications
Shorter treatment time
How do you prepare the patient psychologically for US?
Explain Procedure - sound waves cause movement of molecules = heat/micromassage; gentle/no warmth
Demonstrate procedure on self
Check for precautions - too warm let me know
How do you prepare thee patient physically for US?
Remove metal or jewelry from Rx area
Inspect area for rash/open wound
Position patient comfortably while still being able to complete treatment
What should you remember when applying US?
Patient position Draping patient Gel the Rx area and sound head Keep the sound head in direct contact with skin Move soundhead 3-4cm/sec Treatment area should be 2xERA
What are the physiological effects of 1 degree temp increase?
Reduce subacute inflammation
Increase metabolism
What are the physiological effects of 2-3 degree temp increase?
Decrease pain
Decrease muscle spasm
Decrease chronic inflammation
What are the physiological effects of 4 degree temp increase?
Increase tissue extensibility
Liquify cellular debris
