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Modalities (FPM 2) > UltraSound > Flashcards

UltraSound Flashcards

1
Q

When is 1 mHz absorbed? US

A

5-7 cm

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2
Q

when is 3 mHz absorbed? US

A

3 cm

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3
Q

What would you use for deep muscles? US

A

1 mHz

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4
Q

what would you use for superficial muscles? US

A

3 mHz

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5
Q

Which frequency will heat the fastest? US

A

3 mHz

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6
Q

How is US treatment time calculated?

A

treatment time is 2x ERA

10cm2 ERA = Rx time would be 5-10 min

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7
Q

What is the beam non-uniformity ratio?

A

ratio between the transducers peak intensity and spatial intensity

smaller ratios mean beam is more uniform

should be 6:1

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8
Q

what is spatial average intensity?

A

avg intensity of the US output over area of transducer

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9
Q

what is spatial peak intensity?

A

peak intensity over area of transducer

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10
Q

Attenuation rates

A

Blood-3
Fat-13
Muscle-24
Blood vessel-32
Skin-39
Tendon-59
Cartilage-68
Bone-96

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11
Q

Where is peak beam? US

A

Central third of ERA

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12
Q

What is the reverse piezoelectric effect?

A

Crystal is compressed and expanded by sending SC through it which causes a compression and expansion of the crystals

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13
Q

Does intensity have anything to do with depth of penetration?

A

No

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14
Q

How is frequency and depth penetration related

A

Inversely proportional

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15
Q

Spatial avg intensity equation

A

Power (watts)/ ERA (cm2)

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16
Q

What duty cycle is used for pulsed US?

A

20 %

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17
Q

How is duty cycle calculated ?

A

Duration of pulse (time on)/ pulse period(time on +time off)

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18
Q

How do you get significant US heating ?

A

US must be applied to an area 2x the size of ERA

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19
Q

vigorous heating

A

increase of about 7 deg

will result in increase distensibility

20
Q

what is the insurance cap for US

A

8 min

21
Q

1mhz heat 6 F

A

11 min

22
Q

3mHz heat 6F

A

6 min

23
Q

max US treatments

A

2-3xweek

10-15 treatments

24
Q

effects of thermal US

A

-increased collagen extensibility
-increase blood flow
-decrease pain
-reduction of Muscle spasms
-decrease joint stiffness
-reduction of chronic inflammation

25
Q

effects of nonthermal US

A

-increased fibroblastic activity
-increased protein synthesis
-tissue regen
-reduction of edema
-bone healing
-pain modulation
-modulate membrane properties
-alter cellular proliferation
-increase in proteins assosciated with inflammation
-could modify inflammatory response
-impact protein function

26
Q

what is the baseline muscle temp

A

36-37 deg C

27
Q

mild heating in US

A

increase 1 deg C to acc metabolic rate

28
Q

mod heating in US

A

increase 2-3 deg C to reduce muscle spasms, pain, chronic inflammation, increase blood flow

29
Q

vigorously heating in US

A

increase 3-4 deg C decreases viscoelastic properties of collagen

30
Q

what does US depend on

A

size of treatment area
settings of US
condition

31
Q

vigoruous heating

A

1mHz 10-12 min

32
Q

how fast should you move the sound head?

A

4cm/sec

33
Q

US thermal contraindications

A

pregnancy
active bone growth
Tb
active bleeding
impaired circulation
cancer

34
Q

US thermal precautions

A

plastic or cemented implants

spinal cord injury

35
Q

US Pulsed contra indication

A

cancer
active bleeding
pregnancy

36
Q

US pulsed precautions

A

active bone growth
area of infection
acute injury
impaired cognition
skin disease
plastic or cemented implants
nerve injuries

37
Q

US for phonophoresis

A

US to enhance absorption of topical agents

hydrocortisone or analgesics applied

3 mhz
20%
.5-.75 w/cm2
5-10 min

38
Q

US for soft tissue shortening

A

increases extensibility, decreases risk of tissue damage

continous
1 or 3 mHz
2-3 w/cm2
5-10 min
3-5x week

39
Q

US for Dermal ulcers

A

accelerate healing of vascular and pressure ulcers

1 mHz
duty:20%
1 W/Cm 2
5 min
3-5xweek

40
Q

US for acute tendon injuries

A

increase permability and cell degranulation, histamine release, rate of protein synthesis, macrophage response

1-3 mHz
20%
.8-1.2 w/cm2
5-10min
12 treatments over 4-6 weeks

41
Q

US for chronic tendon injuries

A

accelerate metabolic rate, reduce ms spasm/pain, alterate nerve conduction, increase circulation, increase soft tissue extensibility

1-3 mHz
100%
1-2 w/cm2
5-10 min
12 treatments over 4-6 weeks

42
Q

US for tendon repairs

A

faciliate healing

1-3 mHz
100%
.5-1.5 w/cm2
3-5 min

decrease intensity to minimze adverse effects postop

43
Q

US for bone fracture

A

acc bone healing??
controversial

continous
1-1.5 w/cm2
20%
15-20 min daily

44
Q

US for carpal tunnel syndrome

A

continous

1 or 3 mHz
.5-1.5 w/cm2
5-10 min
5x/week for 4 weeks

45
Q

US for bursitis

A

1 or 3 mHz
1 w/cm2
5-10 min
3xweek/ 3-4 weeks

Modalities (FPM 2) (6 decks)

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