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Radiology > ultrasonography > Flashcards

ultrasonography Flashcards

1
Q

how does ultrasounds produce images?

A

uses high frequency sound waves to produce an image of internal body structures

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2
Q

what are sound waves?

A

mechanical ausillations in pressure transmitted through a medium

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3
Q

what are the three frequencies of sound waves?

A

infrasound, acoustic, ultrasound

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4
Q

ultrasound evolved from

A

SONAR

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5
Q

explain the process of an ultra sounds

A

ultrasound pulse is created
sound travels till it hits a reflective surface
bounces back as an echo

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6
Q

the tranducer keeps track of time from the beggining of the pulse to the time it is recieved, why is this important?

A

the length of time it takes is proportional to the distance the pulse travels into the body before it is reflected

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7
Q

define acoustic properties/echogenicity

A

how the tissues reflect the sounds

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8
Q

define anechoic:

A

few to no echoes

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9
Q

define hypoechoic:

A

few echos

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10
Q

define hyperechoic:

A

many echos

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11
Q

what does air do to an ultra sound?

A

scatters sound

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12
Q

what does liquid do to a ultrasound?

A

transmits sound with little attenuation leading to distant enhancement

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13
Q

what do bones/uroliths/metal do to sound?

A

reflect and cause acoustic shadowing

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14
Q

what creats the pulse in a transducer?

A

a piezoeltric crystal

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15
Q

the data collected by the transducer is stored in the computer and then what?

A

transmitted at 15-30 images per second to produce a real time image

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16
Q

what are the four types of probes?

A

high frequency
low frequency
linear probes
curvlinear (convex) sector probes

17
Q

what probe is 5-7.5 mhz?

A

high frequency

18
Q

what probe is 2.5-3mhz?

A

low frequency

19
Q

what are three characteristics of the high frequency probe?

A

most common in small animals
good resolution and detail
limited depth of penetration

20
Q

what are teo characteristics of low frequency probes?

A

used in lg animals

greater depth of penetration but poorer detail

21
Q

what are two characteristics of the linear probe?

A

produce rectangle shaped images

used for high resolution scanning of abdomen and equine reproductive tract

22
Q

what are three charcteristics about the curved convex sector?

A

produce pie shaped image
most common
used in small animals including heart

23
Q

where should the reference mark be on the tranducer?

2

A

oriented cranially when in the saggital plane and to the Right side of the animals body if scanning in the transverse plane

24
Q

when doing a cystocentesis with an ultra sound should you use ultrasound gel or diluted alcohol

A

diluted alchohol 50:50

25
Q

what are six reasons for ultrasounds?

A 
abdominal
reproductive
extremities
eyes
echocardiograpghy
doppler
26
Q

how long should the patient be fasted for an abdominal ultrasound?

A

12 hours

27
Q

where is the hair clipped and scrubbed for an abdominal ultrasound?

A

caudel aspect of ribcage to pevic brim

28
Q

what are two positions for abdominal ultrasounds?

A

V/d or lateral recumbency

29
Q

when is the optimum times for pregnancy detection in dogs and horses?

A

dogs 30 days

horses 11 days

30
Q

what are three types of abnormalities that we could see in a reproductive ultrasound?

A

pyometra, cysts, endometriitis

31
Q

where are extremity ultrasounds used?

A

in horse legs below the crapals and hoof

32
Q

what does the ultrasound of extremities allow the diagnosis of? 3

A

tramatic injury
infection
inflammation

33
Q

what are four things you are able to visualize in an echocardiography

A

valves
chamber sizes
wall thickness
blood flow via doppler

34
Q

what does a long axis view show in an echocardiography

A

heart from base to apex in saggital plane

35
Q

what does the short axis veiw show in an echocardiography

A

shows heart in the transverse plane

36
Q

what is B-mode

A

produces 2d image, brightness seen corresponds to returning echos

37
Q

what is m mode

A

1d view
shows traced display of movement of the heart chambers
used to measure chamber size and wall thickness

38
Q

what is the doppler echocardiography used for?

A

to evaluate blood flow and allows measuer of blood flow velocity and direction in heart

39
Q

what is a doppler echocardiography based on?

A

shift in frequency of returning echoes

Radiology (8 decks)

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