ultrasonography

Question 1

how does ultrasounds produce images?

Answer 1

uses high frequency sound waves to produce an image of internal body structures

Question 2

what are sound waves?

Answer 2

mechanical ausillations in pressure transmitted through a medium

Question 3

what are the three frequencies of sound waves?

Answer 3

infrasound, acoustic, ultrasound

Question 4

ultrasound evolved from

Answer 4

SONAR

Question 5

explain the process of an ultra sounds

Answer 5

ultrasound pulse is created
sound travels till it hits a reflective surface
bounces back as an echo

Question 6

the tranducer keeps track of time from the beggining of the pulse to the time it is recieved, why is this important?

Answer 6

the length of time it takes is proportional to the distance the pulse travels into the body before it is reflected

Question 7

define acoustic properties/echogenicity

Answer 7

how the tissues reflect the sounds

Question 8

define anechoic:

Answer 8

few to no echoes

Question 9

define hypoechoic:

Answer 9

few echos

Question 10

define hyperechoic:

Answer 10

many echos

Question 11

what does air do to an ultra sound?

Answer 11

scatters sound

Question 12

what does liquid do to a ultrasound?

Answer 12

transmits sound with little attenuation leading to distant enhancement

Question 13

what do bones/uroliths/metal do to sound?

Answer 13

reflect and cause acoustic shadowing

Question 14

what creats the pulse in a transducer?

Answer 14

a piezoeltric crystal

Question 15

the data collected by the transducer is stored in the computer and then what?

Answer 15

transmitted at 15-30 images per second to produce a real time image

Question 16

what are the four types of probes?

Answer 16

high frequency
low frequency
linear probes
curvlinear (convex) sector probes

Question 17

what probe is 5-7.5 mhz?

Answer 17

high frequency

Question 18

what probe is 2.5-3mhz?

Answer 18

low frequency

Question 19

what are three characteristics of the high frequency probe?

Answer 19

most common in small animals
good resolution and detail
limited depth of penetration

Question 20

what are teo characteristics of low frequency probes?

Answer 20

used in lg animals

greater depth of penetration but poorer detail

Question 21

what are two characteristics of the linear probe?

Answer 21

produce rectangle shaped images

used for high resolution scanning of abdomen and equine reproductive tract

Question 22

what are three charcteristics about the curved convex sector?

Answer 22

produce pie shaped image
most common
used in small animals including heart

Question 23

where should the reference mark be on the tranducer?

2

Answer 23

oriented cranially when in the saggital plane and to the Right side of the animals body if scanning in the transverse plane

Question 24

when doing a cystocentesis with an ultra sound should you use ultrasound gel or diluted alcohol

Answer 24

diluted alchohol 50:50

Question 25

what are six reasons for ultrasounds?

Answer 25

``` abdominal reproductive extremities eyes echocardiograpghy doppler ```

Question 26

how long should the patient be fasted for an abdominal ultrasound?

Answer 26

12 hours

Question 27

where is the hair clipped and scrubbed for an abdominal ultrasound?

Answer 27

caudel aspect of ribcage to pevic brim

Question 28

what are two positions for abdominal ultrasounds?

Answer 28

V/d or lateral recumbency

Question 29

when is the optimum times for pregnancy detection in dogs and horses?

Answer 29

dogs 30 days | horses 11 days

Question 30

what are three types of abnormalities that we could see in a reproductive ultrasound?

Answer 30

pyometra, cysts, endometriitis

Question 31

where are extremity ultrasounds used?

Answer 31

in horse legs below the crapals and hoof

Question 32

what does the ultrasound of extremities allow the diagnosis of? 3

Answer 32

tramatic injury infection inflammation

Question 33

what are four things you are able to visualize in an echocardiography

Answer 33

valves chamber sizes wall thickness blood flow via doppler

Question 34

what does a long axis view show in an echocardiography

Answer 34

heart from base to apex in saggital plane

Question 35

what does the short axis veiw show in an echocardiography

Answer 35

shows heart in the transverse plane

Question 36

what is B-mode

Answer 36

produces 2d image, brightness seen corresponds to returning echos

Question 37

what is m mode

Answer 37

1d view shows traced display of movement of the heart chambers used to measure chamber size and wall thickness

Question 38

what is the doppler echocardiography used for?

Answer 38

to evaluate blood flow and allows measuer of blood flow velocity and direction in heart

Question 39

what is a doppler echocardiography based on?

Answer 39

shift in frequency of returning echoes