Ultrasonography

Question 1

Echogenicity

Answer 1

appearance of tissues on ultrasound based on their ability to reflect sound waves; this refers to brightness of tissues being projected on a B-mode display

Question 2

Anechoic

Answer 2

a structure lacking in internal echoes or is echo free; appears very dark to almost black

Question 3

Hyperechoic

Answer 3

tissue of interest reflects back more intense sound waves and appears brighter than tissues surrounding it

Question 4

Hypoechoic

Answer 4

tissue of interest reflects back less intense sound waves and appears darker than tissues surrounding it

Question 5

Isoechoic

Answer 5

two structures that have relatively similar echogenicity toward each other

Question 6

Attenuation

Answer 6

loss of sound wave energy as it traverses the tissue or the medium due to absorption, reflection, scattering

Question 7

Reverberation

Answer 7

sound wave is repeatedly reflected between two highly reflective surfaces (air and probe)

Question 8

Near field

Answer 8

area of a structure of interest closes to the probe

Question 9

Far field

Answer 9

the area of a structure of interest that is farthest to the probe

Question 10

Ultrasound=

Answer 10

real time imaging

Question 11

Cine loop

Answer 11

continuous feed that allows area of interest to be viewed over a prolonged period

Question 12

Ultrasound is especially useful in _ studies

Answer 12

cardiac

Question 13

Transducer aka probe

Answer 13

produces sound waves then sound waves enter tissues and are reflected back to the probe, probe receives sound waves and translates info to computer

Question 14

Patient prep

Answer 14

direct contact w/ skin required so shave, alcohol, and acoustic coupling gel on skin or probe

Question 15

Typically, at least _ shades of gray are incorporated into the display of an ultrasound image

Answer 15

256

Question 16

B mode represents

Answer 16

brightness

Question 17

M mode represents

Answer 17

motion

Question 18

Color doppler

Answer 18

track blood by using blue to show blood flow away from the transducer and red for blood flowing toward transducer

Question 19

Harmonic mode

Answer 19

single or multiple deep, penetrating frequencies are emitted into the body along w/ harmonic overtone

Question 20

Multiplanar reconstruction

Answer 20

reconstructing images from various planes to allow simultaneous visualization

Question 21

3D mode and 4D mode only used in

Answer 21

human medicine

Question 22

Gain

Answer 22

affects brightness of image

Question 23

Time gain compensation (TGC) allows the user to

Answer 23

adjust the gain at various depth

Question 24

Presets

Answer 24

baseline settings from manufacturer for different transducers and studies

Question 25

Focal zones

Answer 25

when u/s beam converges more at a particular depth during the study

Question 26

frequency selection

Answer 26

sound waves have specific frequencies that can be changed to affect penetrability of the sound waves in the tissues

Question 27

Linear probe

Answer 27

flat contact surface (footprint)

Question 28

Convex

Answer 28

escort or curvilinear

Question 29

Phased array sector probe

Answer 29

crystals steered through firing time delays, usually used in cardiac studies

Question 30

Matrix probe

Answer 30

newest type, ability to scan in diff. planes at same time to create 3D images

Question 31

Volume probe

Answer 31

4D reconstruction capabilities, high cost, not common in vet med

Question 32

Applications for u/s in bovine and ruminants

Answer 32

predominantly reproductive work

Question 33

Equine application for u/s

Answer 33

sports medicine and reproduction

Question 34

applications for u/s for porcine

Answer 34

measurement of backlit levels found in animals destined for meat production

Question 35

small animal application for u/s

Answer 35

almost limitless