Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Preparing for patients Yr 2 > Ultrasonics > Flashcards

Ultrasonics Flashcards

1
Q

What is the aim of scaling and RSD?

A

Disrupt biofilm & remove calculus from crown & root surface
Improve soft tissue resolution & attachment
Prevent/halt/slow down disease disease progession

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 2 types of mechanical scalers?

A

Ultrasonic (above 20,000Hz)

Sonic (below 20,000Hz)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 2 different types of ultrasonic scalers?

A

Electromagnetic/magnetostrictive (cavitron/parkell)

Piezoelectric (piezon/satelec)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the benefit of having wider and slimmer tips for electromagnetic scalers?

A

Wider tips for supragingival calculus removal and biofilm disruption.

Slimmer tips for subgingival calculus removal and biofilm disruption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are nodal points on an electromagnetic scaler tip?

A

These are nodal points where there is little/no movement.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What makes up an electromagnetic handle?

A

Copper coil inside casing of sterimate handle
Insert fits inside handle
Ferromagnetic stack

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How do electromagnetic scalers work?

A 
electrical energy
>
Magnetic energy
>
Magnetostrsiction - ferrous plates expand and relax
> 
Mechanical energy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the electromagnetic frequency?

A

25,000 or 30,000 Hz cycles per second

Set by manufacturer

Higher frequency = less noise, increased efficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does the power level determine?

A

Stroke length

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Can the power level be altered by the operator?

A

Yes

Use the lowest power necessary

Range 10 to 100 um

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is lower power used for?

A

Shorter, less powerful strokes

disrupt biofilm and remove fine calculus deposits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is high power used for?

A

Longer, more powerful strokes

remove large amount &/or tenacious calculus & stain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the 4 mechanisms of action of ultrasonic scalers?

A

Mechanical - the energy of moving tip moves the biofilm and removes calculus.

Irrigation - water supply reduces endotoxins and flushes debris

Acoustic microstreaming - effective 2mm around working tip to disrupt biofilm

Cavitation - implosion of gas bubbles in a fluid medium disrupts biofilm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the role of water in scalers?

A

cools handpiece and insert/tip

Essential for irrigation, cavitation and acoustic streaming

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is FSI?

A

Focus spray insert

Position of water outlet alters how much of the tip is active

further down the tip. more active the tip is. Thinsert has around 10mm active which is good for deep pockets.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How do piezoelectric scalers work?

A 
Electric energy 
>
Oscillating voltage applied to quartz crystals 
>
Mechanical energy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What do the quartz crystals do when oscillating voltage is applied to them?

A

4 piezo ceramic discs containing quartz crystals in handpiece.

Quartz crystals expand and relax when electrical charge applied causing oscillation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the frequency of piezoelectric scalers?

A

28,000 to 30,000 Hz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How do sonic air scalers work?

A 
Compressed air from normal high speed handpiece outlet on cart
>
Air vibrates rod in handpiece
>
Mechanical energy moves tip
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the frequency of sonic scaler?

A

3000 to 8000 Hz cycles per second

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How does sonic scalers remove calculus? (2)

A

mechanical & irrigation mechanisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the transducers for ultrasonics a) magnetostrictive b) peizoelectric and c) sonic?

A

a) ferromagnetic stack in copper coil in sterimate handle
b) 4 piezo ceramic discs containing quartz crystals
c) compressed air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is cavitron ‘powerline’ insert designed to do?

Colour?

What power settings?

A

Remove heavy calculus and stain

Blue

Low to high power

24
Q

What is cavitron ‘slimline’ designed to do?

colour?

Power?

A

remove biofilm & light to moderate calculus and stain. has optimal subgingival access

green

low power setting

25
Q

What colour is angled cavitron tips?

A

pink

26
Q

What do cavitron thinsert remove?

colour

power

A

remove biofilm and light to moderate calculus, subgingival disruption of biofilm and debridement.

purple

low and high power

27
Q

Why do inserts have different numbers?

A

10 - single bend

100- 2 bends

1000 - 3 bends

28
Q

What is the julian system of tip ID?

A

year and day of manufacture

YDDD

29
Q

Which tips can be used at low power?

A

powerline
slimline
thinsert

30
Q

Which tips can be used at higher power?

A

powerline

thinsert

31
Q

Which insert can reach pockets of 8mm?

A

only thinsert

32
Q

Why may we not use electromagnetic scalers in pts which have cardiac devices such as pacemakers?

A

Magnetostriction can interact with pacemakers.

Magnetism may interfere with rhythm.

33
Q

What questions must we therefore ask ourselves before we use an electromagnetic scaler on a patient with a pacemaker or ICD?

A

What type of ultrasonic am i using?
How old is the patients device?
Do they have the manufactures identification card?
If in doubt write to the cardiologist.

Make sure to turn equipment off when in use and keep cords/wires away from chest.

34
Q

What do we do when we use ultrasonic scalers on someone with infectious disease i.e. hepatitis B/C, HIV, TB (active stage)?

A

Use standard precautions i.e. pre-op 0.2% chlorhexidine rinse & high speed suction.

35
Q

immunosuppressed conditions/chemotherapy + ultrasonic scalers?

A

increased risk of opportunistic infection from contaminated aerosols

36
Q

Severe respiratory disease + ultrasonic scalers?

A

Delay appointment to prevent aerosol transmission to pt prolonging to disease of to clinician

37
Q

Hearing aids + ultrasonic scalers?

A

turn off

38
Q

Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia) + ultrasonics?

A

consider chair position + high speed suction

39
Q

Should we use ultrasonics on ceramic/gold?

A

NO - only on tooth or root. ultrasonic scalers will scratch restoration increasing plaque accumulation.

40
Q

Should we use ultrasonics on implants?

A

no - only use specialist titanium scalers as ultrasonic scaler may scratch titanium increasing plaque accumulation.

41
Q

Can we use ultrasonic on exposed dentine?

A

Yes - just offer pain control i.e. anaesthetics if required.

42
Q

Should we use ultrasonics on areas of demineralisation?

A

DO NOT USE as will cavitate carious lesion.

43
Q

Do we use ultrasonics on deciduous teeth?

A

NOT USE/ low power on deciduous teeth due to size of pulp due to heat transmission.

44
Q

What are some considerations for the operator when using ultrasonics?

A

> Vibration white finger from continuous use of vibrating hand equipment.

> Tinnitus - long term hearing issues from ultrasonic

> Aerosols may make you more at risk for infectious disease

> Risk to staff who have implanted ICD/pacemaker

45
Q

How do we prepare the pt and equipment?

A
  1. CHECK MEDICAL HISTORY & ASSESS MEDICAL & DENTAL CONSIDERATIONS. GAIN INFORMED CONSENT FROM PATIENT.
  2. CLINICIAN AND PATIENT TO WEAR PERSONAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING.
  3. OPTIONAL DEPENDANT ON SETTING: PATIENT TO RINSE FOR 1 MINUTE WITH 0.2% CHLORHEXIDINE MOUTHWASH TO REDUCE BACTERIAL LOAD.
  4. CLINICIAN TO FILL HANDPIECE WITH WATER PRIOR TO INSERTING INSERT TO PREVENT OVERHEATING OF HANDPIECE. INSERT TIP.
  5. ADJUST WATER FLOW FOR LOW-MEDIUM POWER LEVEL INITIALLY.
  6. USE HIGH SPEED SUCTION – 95% REDUCTION IN AEROSOL.
  7. FLUSH/PURGE STERIMATE FOR 2 MINUTES BETWEEN PATIENTS.
46
Q

What do we set the water flow rate at?

A

Set machine at low/medium power

Adjust water to flow so that droplets are generated with a mist. MIST WITH DROPLETS

Increased cavitation & acoustic streaming at low/medium level due to more water being present.

High power = fine mist produced but results in decreased area of biofilm removed.

47
Q

What are the principles of supragingival adaptation with ultrasonics?

A

All sides of instrument active, adapt tip surface which best conforms to tooth, never use the point of the tip and always keep the tip in motion with high speed suction on.

0-15* to tooth
insertion at gingival margin
use light "exploring" pressure
keep tip in motion
bidirectional stroke
48
Q

How do we use the tip wear indicator?

A

If tip extents beyond blue line, optimum efficiency

If tip touches blue line, 25% reduction. need to reorder

If tip touches red line discard - %50 efficiency loss.

DO NOT SHARPEN TIPS

49
Q

How to we prevent overheating the handpiece?

A

Fill handpiece with water prior to inserting the insert to prevent overheating of handpiece.

50
Q

How can we check the stack to make sure it is still functioning properly?

A

Discard stack if bent, if there is spaces between the metal plates discard as it is losing energy and not working as efficiently

51
Q

How do we check the O ring ?

A

Increased movement of tip in the sterimate due to wear of the O ring means you should replace the O ring.

52
Q

What are the three aims for Root Surface debridement?

A

Biofilm and calculus removal

Improve attachment of soft tissues

Slow down disease progression

53
Q

Pt has 5mm pocketing and non calculus. Which insert/s could you select?

A

Thinsert?

Slimline?

54
Q

Pt has gross amounts of supragingival calculus. Which insert would you select?

A

powerline

55
Q

At a 3 month review, the gingival inflammation has subsided. the pt has small amounts of tenacious sub gingival calculus in an 8mm pocket. which insert?

A

thinsert

Preparing for patients Yr 2 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions