Ultimate Reviewer HEENT Flashcards
Rhinoscopy (ndi dapat tamaan
Nasal septum
polyps
Medial meatus
Family history
Migrane
Hyperthyroidism
Grave’s disease
button like
Chancre in syphillis
maplike
Geographical
caused by deficiency in riboflavin and niacin
Smooth tongue
ear pull (adults
Up and back
unilateral painless
Retinal wall
examining the oropharynx use a tongue depressor
Distal hall of tongue
white optic disc and tiny vessel are absent
Optic atrophy
fissured tongue
Appeared with increasing age
nutritional deficiency (cold sore
Angular chelitis
caused by trauma
Sub conjunctival hemorrhage
Tug test painful in
Otitis externa
Riboflavin def. and chemotx
Smooth
Exposure to sumlight
Lip carcinoma
Factor to carcinoma
Actinic chelitis
Worsen in noisy environmanet
Sensorineural hearing loss
better seen further away Central loss
Presbyoptic
Button like infection
Angular chelitis
Sign of lip canar
Actinic chelitis
Deacrease facial mobility and characteristic stare
Parkinson’s disease
Head is elongated with bony prominence of the forehead, nose and lower jaw
Acromegaly
swelling usually appears first in the eyes and in the morning
Nephrotic syndrome
hair is dry, coarse and sparse with periorbital edema. Lateral eyebrows thin
Myxedema
Red cheeks, hirsutism and “moonface
Cushing syndrome
May accompany lipid disorders
Xanthelasma
Tearing is prominent. Nasolacrimal duct obstruction is also noted
Dacrycocytitis
Usually points inside the lid rather that the lid margin
Chalazion
A painful, tender red infection in a gland at the margin of the eyelids
Sty
Drooping of eyelids
Ptosis
nausea and vomiting, possible loss of consciousness, neck pain
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
cause myasthenia gravis, damage to the oculomotor nerve (CN III), damage to the sympathetic nerve supply ( Horner’s syndrome
Ptosis
the margin of the lower lid is turned outward, exposing the palpebral conjunctiva
Ectropion
-‐ swelling between the lower eyelid and the nose
Inflammation of the Lacrimal Sac (Dacryocystitis)
small affected pupil, reacts briskly to light and near effort, ptosis present, loss of sweating on forehead, heterochromia
Horners syndrome
small, irregular pupils that accomodate but do not react to light indicate CNS syphilis
Argyle Robertson pupils
Normal arterial wall is transparent; Normal light reflex is narrow
Normal arterial wall is transparent; Normal light reflex is narrow
occasionally a portion of a narrowed artery develops such as an opaque wall that has no blood is visible within it
Silver wiring
tiny, round red spots seen commonly but not exclusively in and around the macular area; minute dilatations of very small retinal vessels, but the vascular connections are too small to be seen opthalmoscopically
Micro aneurysm
formation of new blood vessels; more numerous, more tortuous, and narrower than other blood vessels in the area and form disorderly looking red arcades
Neurovascularization
marked arteriolar venous crossing changes are seen, copper wiring of the arterioles is present. Cotton wool spot is seen just superior to the disc
Hypertensive retinopathy
-‐ tiny red dots/ microaneurysms
Nonproliferative Retinopathy ( Moderately severe)
-‐ new preretinal vessels arising on the disc extening across the disc margins. Visual acuity is still normal, but risk for visual loss is high
Proliferative Retinopathy ( Neovascularization)
firm, nodular, hypertrophic mass of scar tissue (binding) extending beyond the area of injury
Keloid
deposit of uric acid crystals characteristic of chronic tophaceous gout
Tophi
-‐ caused by bacterial infection earache, fever and hearing loss
Acute Otitis Media with Purulent Effusion
weber’s test: sound lateralizes to good ear
Sensorineural loss
softening of the skin at the angles of the mouth, fissuring
Angular chelitis
appear on the lip, firm button-‐like lesion
Chancre of syphillis
normal tonsils may be enlarged; protrude medially beyond the pillars and even to the midline
Large normal tonsils
dull red, gray exudate (pseudomembrane) is present on the uvula, pharynx and tongue
Diphtheria
early sign of measles, small white specks that resembles grains of salt
Kopliks spots
-‐ ulcers develop in the interdental papilla
Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis
sides of these teeth show normal contours; sides, shaping of the teeth are unaffected
Hutchinson teeth
-‐ lost its papillae, deficiency in riboflavin, niacin, folic acid, Vit. B12, pyridoxine, iron
Smooth tongue (Atrophic Glossitis)
-‐ painful, round/oval ulcer that is white/yellowish gray and surrounded by a halo of reddened mucosa
Apthous ulcer (Canker sores)
Diffuse Enlargement
Endemic goiter
Enlarged skull may signify:
Hydrocephalus or Paget’s disease of Bone
20/200 vision meaning:
at 20 ft., the patient can read print that a person with normal vision could read at 200 feet
Absence of a red reflex:
Cataract (opacity of lens), detached retina, retinoblastoma
Light rays from a distance focus on the anterior of retina
Myopia
Light rays from a distance focus on the posterior of retina
Hyperopia
Loss of venous pulsation in pathologic conditions like head trauma, meningitis, or mass lesions may be an early sign of
Elevated ICP
Canal is swollen, narrowed, moist, pale, tender, reddened
Acute otitis externa
Unilateral Conductive hearing loss
Sound is heard in the impaired ear
Unilateral Sensorineural Hearing loss
Sound is hear in the good ear
Conductive hearing loss
BC>AC
Mucosa is reddened and swollen
Viral rhinitis
Mucosa is pale, bluish, or red
Allergic rhinitis
Basic landmark for palpating Thyroid gland
Thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilage
Nausea, Vomiting
Migraine
Subarachnoid
Sudden movements of the head may be associated with
Brain tumor
Spinning sensation
Vertigo
Left Homonymous Hemianopsia
Right optic radiation
Damage to Oculomotor nerve
Ptosis
Eye no longer drains satisfactorily
Ectropion
Bilateral Exopthalmos
Graves hyperthyroidism
Unilateral exophthalmos
Graves’ disease
Tumor
Inflammation Of the orbit
Painful, Tender, Red infection of the margin of the eyelid
Stye
Pupil is large, regular and usually unilateral; reaction to light is severely reduced/ slowed or absent
Addie’s pupil
Tonic pupil
Loss of venous pulsation; disc vessels more visible, more numerous
Papilledema
Arteries show areas of focal/generalized narrowing
Hypertension
Arteries become full and somewhat tortuous; Inc light reflex
Copper wiring
Presence of cotton-‐wool spot
Hypertensive retinopathy
Softening of the skin at the angles of the mouth followed by fissuring
Angular chelitis
Firm lesion on the lip
Chancre of syphillis
Reddened throat without exudate
Pharyngitis
Smooth tongue that has lost its papillae
Atrophic glossitis
Headache is severe and sudden onset
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Acute meningitis
Sudden unilateral visual loss is pinless
Retinal detachment
If visual loss is painful:
corneal ulcer/ uveitis/ acute glaucoma/ optic neuritis
Bilateral and painless visual loss:
d/t cholinergics, anticholinergics and steroids/ Chemical, radiation exposure
People having trouble understanding speech; noisy environment makes hearing worse:
Sensorineural loss
Local cause of epistaxis
Trauma nose picking most common
Enlarged blind spot
Glaucoma
Optic neuritis
Papilledema
In primary position, R eye deviates laterally but cannot move medially
R medial rectus palsy
Renal artery of HTN
Focal narrowing
A portion of a narrowed artery develops such an opaque wall that no blood is visible with in it
Silver artery or silver wire artery
most important attribute for head ache
Chronologic pattern
Holding a pencil and moving toward the bridge of the nose
Convergence test
Inspection of anterior nares is limited to
Vestibule
In opthalmoscopic examination
The view is limited to posterior structure
Benign lesion associated with antibiotic therapy
Hairy tongue
Examination of LN is done by
Palpation
Basic landmark of thyroid gland
Cricothyroid
In opthalmoscopic Examination
The view is limited to posterior structure
- A (-‐) lens is used in
Myopic eye
Physical sign of retrosternal goiter
Venous engorgement
Examinatin of the lymphnode is primarily by
Palpation
Basic landmark for thyroid gland examination
Cricoid cartilage
Primary lesion from posterior 2/3 of the scalp and nasopharynx
Posterior cervical storage
Nasal flaring is associated with
Respiratory distress
A hole in nasal septum is commonly caused by
Cocaine abuse
Headache presents on aakening
Migraine
Sudden unilateral painless visual loss
Uveitis
Produce recurrent and painful eruptions of the lips and surrounding skin
Cold sore
Maybe due to ill-‐fitting dentures
Angular chelitis
Highly infectious, firm, button-‐like lesion that ulcerates and may become crusted
Chancre of syphillis
Fair skin and prolonged exposure to the sun are common risks factors
Carcinoma of the lips
It may be due to nutritional deficiency
Angular chelitis
Conductive hearing loss
One cause is otitis media
Voice maybe loud because hearing is difficult
Usual ageof onset childhood and adulthood, up to age 40
Sensorineural loss
In weber test, sound lateralizes to good ear
In Rinne test, normal pattern prevails
Voice may be loud because the patient has trouble hearing his or her own voice
Sound lateral to good ear in Weber test
AC>BC, Rinne test
Lesion in the posterior 2/3 of the scalp and nasopharynx
Sub scapular
Retrosternal goiter
Venous engorgement
Examination of the lymphnode
Palpation
Ophalmoscopic examination
The view is limited to posterior structure
A (-‐) lens is used in
Aphakic eyes
Risk factors are fair skin, and prolonged exposure to sun
Carcinoma of the lips
Nutritional insufficiency
Angular chelitis
Painful vesicular lesions in angle of the mouth
Herpes simplex/ cold sore
Unilateral, painless visual loss
Retinal vein occlusion
Nasal flaring associated to
Respiratory distress
Hole in the basal septum most common in
Repeated trauma in picking of crust
Primary lesion from posterior 2/3 of the scalp and nasopharynx
Posterior cervical triangle
An image from the upper nasal visual field strikes the
Lower temporal area
Sees better when the card is farther away
Presbyopia
Absence of red reflex indicates
Opacity of lens
An enlarged blind spot occurs in
Optic neuritis
Headache from errors of refraction include
Astigmatism
Testing near reaction is used in diagnosis of
Argyll Robertson pupil
Fixed defects (scotoma) are seen in
Retina
Excessive tearing from increased production is due to
Corneal irritation
Hyperthyroidism
Involuntary weight loss
The tug test is painful in
Acute otitis externa
Bilateral, painless change in refractory may be due to
Steroids
Family history may be positive is
Migraine
The eardrum itself is scarred, no landmarks visible, often closes in healing processs
Perforation of eardrum
Arteries may show focal or generalized narrowing
Retinal arteries in hypertension
Opaque wall and no blood visible
Silver wire
Arteries close to the disc become full and somewhat torturous
Copper wire
Arterial wall is invisible A-‐V crossing is visible
Retinal arteries in hypertension
pupils that accommodate but do not react to light
Argyll Robertson pupil
dialted pupil is fixed to light and near effort
Occulomotor nerve paralysis
slow accommodation causes blurred vision
Aries pupil
pupil is large regular, usually unilateral
Adies pupil
causes include blunt trauma to the eyes, open-‐angle glaucoma
Anisocaria
One kind of this diplopia is physiologic
Images are side by side
Caused by palsy of CN III or IV
Horizontal diplopia
Images are on top of each other
Vertical diplopia
May need i memorize
Na screen shot
Cough, sneezing, changing position of the head can increase the pain from
Brain tumor
Aging vision
Presbyopia
Bilateral painful eye
Chronic radiation exposure
Horizontal diplopia
Lesion 3 and 6
Conductive hearing loss
Noisy environment
Perceived sound without external stimulus
Tinnitus
Fever, pharyngeal exudates, anterior lymphadenopathy, no cough
Strep pharyngitis
Hyperthyroidism
Weight loss
Hypothyroidism
Cold intolerance – hypo b. Preference of warm clothing – hypo c. Weight loss d. Decrease sweating – hypo
Leading cause of blindness in African American and 2nd leading cause of blindness overall
Glaucoma
Triangular thickening of bulbar conjunctiva
Pterygium
Characteristic of optic atrophy
Tiny optic vessel
Fullness and popping sound in the ear with mild conductive hearing loss and ear pain
Serous effusion
Unilateral headache that can be localized behind the eyes
Cluster
