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Clinical Medicine > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

Pulsus tardus

Delayed systolic peak

A

Aortic stenosis

Obstruction of left ventricular ejection

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2
Q

Bisferiens pulse

Has two systolic peaks

A

Aortic regurgitation

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

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3
Q

Dicrotic pulse

1 systole and 1 diastole

A

Dilated cardiomyopathy

Typhoid fever

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4
Q

Pulsus alterans

Regular rhythm
Irregular pressure

A

Alternating left ventricle contractile force
Congestive heart failure
Premature beat in patients without heart disease
Paroxysmal tachycardia

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5
Q

Pulsus bigeminus

A

Irregular pressure due to premature ventricular contraction

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6
Q

Pulsus paradoxus

A

Decrease in systolic arterial pressure

Reduction of arterial pulse amplitude during inspiration

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7
Q

Jugular venous pressure

A wave

A

Atrial contraction

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8
Q

Jugular venous pressure

C wave

A

Bulging of tricuspid valve

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9
Q

Jugular venous pressure

V wave

A

Atrial filling

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10
Q

Jugular venous pressure

X descent

A

Atrial relaxation

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11
Q

Jugular venous pressure

Y descent

A

Opening of the tricuspid valve

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12
Q

Jugular venous pressure

Center of the right atrium lies approximately ____ cm below the sternal angle

A

5

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13
Q

Kussmaul’s sign

A

Right sided heart failure
Constrictive pericarditis
Relight ventricular infarction

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14
Q

Right ventricular hypertrophy

Sustained systolic lift at

A

Left paresternal area

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15
Q

Right ventricular hypertrophy

Starts in

A

Early systole

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16
Q

Right ventricular hypertrophy

Synchronous with the

A

Left ventricular apical impulse

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17
Q

Left parasternal lift

Severe

A

Mitral regurgitation

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18
Q

Left parasternal lift

Occurs later than the

A

Left ventricular apical pulse

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19
Q

Left parasternal lift

Synchronous with the

A

V wave in left atrial pressure

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20
Q

Pulmonary artery pulsation

Is often visible and palpable in the

A

2nd left ICS

21
Q

Thrills

Mitral regurgitation

A

Apex

22
Q

Thrills

Aortic stenosis

A

Radiates to carotid artery

23
Q

Thrills

Pulmonic stenosis

A

Radiates to the left side of the neck

24
Q

Thrills

Ventricular septal defect

A

3rd 4th ICS

Left sternal border

25
Q

Concentric left ventricular hypertrophy

A

Forceful apical beat but not displaced

26
Q

Eccentric LVH

A

Displaced apical beat at left anterior axillary line

27
Q

Left ventricular dilatation

A

Displaced apical beat

Heart does not properly move

28
Q

Heart sound

Tachycardia
Mitral stenosis

A

Loud S1

29
Q

Heart sound

Mitral regurgitation
Congestive heart failure
Coronary artery disease

A

Soft S1

30
Q

Heart sound

Widening of S1

A

Complete RBBB

31
Q

Heart sound

Reversed splitting of S1

A

Severe mitral stenosis
Left atrial myxoma
LBBB

32
Q

Heart sound

Systemic hypertension

A

Loud A2

33
Q

Heart sound

Aortic stenosis

A

Soft A2

34
Q

Heart sound

Pulmonary hypertension
Atrial septal defect

A

Loud P2

35
Q

Heart sound

Pulmonic stenosis

A

Soft P2

36
Q

Choices

A. Physiologic splitting of S2
B. Wide splitting of S2
C. Fixed splitting of S2
D. Paradoxical splitting of S2

Heard in the 2nd or 3rd left ICS

A

A

37
Q

Choices

A. Physiologic splitting of S2
B. Wide splitting of S2
C. Fixed splitting of S2
D. Paradoxical splitting of S2

Delay in closure of pulmonary valve

A

A and B

38
Q

Choices

A. Physiologic splitting of S2
B. Wide splitting of S2
C. Fixed splitting of S2
D. Paradoxical splitting of S2

Wide splitting that does not vary with respiration

A

C

39
Q

Choices

A. Physiologic splitting of S2
B. Wide splitting of S2
C. Fixed splitting of S2
D. Paradoxical splitting of S2

Appears on expiration and disappears on inspiration

A

D

40
Q

Choices

A. Physiologic splitting of S2
B. Wide splitting of S2
C. Fixed splitting of S2
D. Paradoxical splitting of S2

Delay in closure of aortic valve

A

D

41
Q

Choices

A. Physiologic splitting of S2
B. Wide splitting of S2
C. Fixed splitting of S2
D. Paradoxical splitting of S2

Right bundle of branch block

A

A and B

42
Q

Choices

A. Physiologic splitting of S2
B. Wide splitting of S2
C. Fixed splitting of S2
D. Paradoxical splitting of S2

Pulmonic stenosis

A

B

43
Q

Choices

A. Physiologic splitting of S2
B. Wide splitting of S2
C. Fixed splitting of S2
D. Paradoxical splitting of S2

Atrial septal defect

A

A and C

44
Q

Choices

A. Physiologic splitting of S2
B. Wide splitting of S2
C. Fixed splitting of S2
D. Paradoxical splitting of S2

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

D

45
Q

Choices

A. Physiologic splitting of S2
B. Wide splitting of S2
C. Fixed splitting of S2
D. Paradoxical splitting of S2

Aortic stenosis

A

D

46
Q

Choices

A. Physiologic splitting of S2
B. Wide splitting of S2
C. Fixed splitting of S2
D. Paradoxical splitting of S2

Mitral regurgitation

A

B

47
Q

Choices

A. Physiologic splitting of S2
B. Wide splitting of S2
C. Fixed splitting of S2
D. Paradoxical splitting of S2

Right ventricular failure

A

C

48
Q

Pulsus parvus

Small, weak pulse

A

Diminished left ventricular stroke volume
Narrow pulse pressure
Increased in peripheral resistance

Clinical Medicine (6 decks)

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