ULO 1- Fetal Growth and Development (Fetal structures, circulation) Flashcards
Fetal growth and development
Explain: 13-16weeks gestation
- period of rapid growth
- ossification of skeleton begins
- eyes now anterior facing
- lower limbs at correct proportion
- external ears in correct position
Fetal growth and development
Explain: 17-20 weeks gestation
- growth slows
- fetal movements felt
- brown fat forms
- skin covered in vernix caseosa
- lanugo
- head and eyebrow hair
- further development of vagina and testes
Fetal growth and development
Explain: 21-25 weeks gestation
- surfactant production commences in lungs
- skin lacks subcutaneous fat
- red appearance of skills
- fetus has periods of rest and activity/ responds to sound
Fetal growth and development
Explain: 26-29 weeks gestation
- lungs capable of breathing and gas exchange
- CNS can direct breathing
- RBC’s produced in bone marrow
- eyes reopen
- intrauterine respiratory movements occur
- white subcutaneous fat laid down
Fetal growth and development
Explain: 30-34 weeks gestation
- pupils react to light
- body fat 8% of body weight
- skin opaque and smooth
- lanugo disappears from face
- fetus begins to store iron
Fetal growth and development
Explain: 35-38 weeks gestation
- firm grasp
- breast tissue present
- testes in scrotum
- nails reach finger tips
- lanugo disappears from body
- growth slows
- 36 wks head and abdomen equal circumference
- 38 wks body fat is 16% of body weight
Fetal growth and development
Explain: 9-12 weeks gestation
- urine secreted into amniotic fluid
- upper limb length relative to trunk (lower limbs short)
- beginning of fetal movement
- eyelids fuse
- red cell formation commences in the spleen
- sex distinguishable by 12wks
Fetal Structures
What are the 3 regions of the fetal skull
Vault
Face
Base
Fetal Structures
What are the Bones and Sutures of the Vault
Bones
- occipital
- parietals
- Frontal
Sutures
- Lambdoidal
- Sagittal
- Coronal
- Frontal
Fetal Structures
Describe: Moulding
is an overriding of sutures
- allows for a reduction in presenting diameters
Fetal Development- embryology
What are the 3 germ layers
Ectoderm (skin, glands, nervous system, sensory receptors)
Mesoderm (musculoskeletal system, excretory/circulatory system, reproductive)
Endoderm (epithelial linings, liver, pancreas, thymus)
Fetal Development
What cells form the embryo and placenta
Blastocyst- embryo
Trophoblast- placenta
Fetal Circulation
Name the structures involved in fetal circulation and their role
PLACENTA- gas exchange takes place
UMBILICAL VEIN- carries oxygenated blood to the fetus
DUCTUS VENOSUS- allows blood to go from the umbilical vein through it to the Inferior VC where blood mixes and goes onto the R atrium
FORAMEN OVALE- connects and allows blood to pass from the R atrium to the L atrium
DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS- connects and allows blood to pass from the pulmonary artery to the aorta (bypassing lungs)
UMBILICAL ARTERIES- carries deoxygenated blood from the fetus to the placenta
Fetal Structures
How many veins and arteries are in the umbilical cord
2- arteries
1- vein
Which fontanelle closes at 18months of age
Anterior fontanelle
