UL Neuro Flashcards
What is a UMN posture/posture if pt has a UMN lesion?
adducted shoulder
elbow/wrist flexed, pronated
signs of UMN lesion when flex/extend elbow?
clasp-knife hypertonia
signs of LMN lesion?
tone power reflex plantar position coordination other features
tone normal power reduced hyporeflexia downward plantars normal coordination
others: wasting; fasciculations
signs of UMN lesion?
tone power reflex plantar position coordination other features
spastic hypertonia reduced power brisk reflexes - hyperreflexia upward plantar (only upward in UMN) low coordination
others: clonus
what are extrapyrimidal signs?
tone power reflex plantar position coordination other features
rigid hypertonia
normal power and reflexes
downward plantars
reduced coordination
others: resting tremor; bradykinesia; postural instability
signs of cerebellar lesions?
tone power reflex plantar position coordination other features
hypotonia
normal power and reflexes
downward plantars
dysdiadochokinesis, impaired coordination
others: intention tremor; nystagmus; cerebellar speech
what are the Extrapyrimidal tracts?
tracts from brainstem to spinal cord
- vestibulospinal
- reticulospinal
- rubrospinal
- tectospinal
how are the senses carried in the spinal cord?
spinothalamic tracts
- pain, temp, crude touch
dorsal colums
- vibration, proprioception, fine touch
what problems/diseases can arise in the sensory tracts of the spinal cord?
spinothalamic
- syringomyelia
- ant. spinal artery occlusion
dorsal columns
- tabes dorsalis (syphilis)
- subacute combined degen of cord (SCDC)
any
- MS
what are the 2 brachial plexus injuries?
erbs palsy
- upper plexus (C5-C7)
- Waiter’s tip (adducted shoulder, extended elbow, internally rotated arm, forearm pronated
Klumpke’s palsy
- lower plexus (C8-T1)
- sensory loss in medial forearm and hand, complete claw hand, wasting of small muscles in hand, may have Horner’s syndrome
