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OSCE > GI > Flashcards

GI Flashcards

1
Q

what are the causes for dupeytrens contracture?

A 
chronic liver dis
diabetes
heavy labour
phenytoin
trauma
familial
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2
Q

what are the causes for palmar erythema?

A

chronic liver dis
pregnancy
hyperthyroidism
RA

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3
Q

GI causes for clubbing?

A

inflammatory bowel disease
cirrhosis
lymphoma
celiac disease

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4
Q

what is leuconychia? what does it indicate?

A

white spots in nails

hypoalbuminemia

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5
Q

spider naevi causes?

A

hyperestrogenism

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6
Q

hyperestrogenism signs?

A

spider nevi

gynaecomastia

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7
Q

where do you hear renal bruits?

A

2cm superior, 2cm lateral to umbilicus

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8
Q

all abdo scars

A

kochers - open cholecystectomy
rooftop incision
right paramedian - pancreatic transplant
midline laparatomy - general
nephrectomy scar
gridiron/mcBurneys - 2/3 from the umbilicus on a line drawn btwn umbilicus and ASIS - appendicectomy
lanz - appendicectomy
laparascopic - infraumbilical, sub-xyphoid, 2 subcostal
left paramedian - ant. resection of rectum
Pfannenstiel - TAH, C-section

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9
Q

ascites general etiology

A

portal hypertension
hypoalbuminemia
salt & water retention secodnary to RAAS activation

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10
Q

what are the causes of transudative ascites?

A 
Chronic liver disease (75%)
RHF
vol overload
hypoalbuminemia
constrictive pericarditis
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11
Q

what are the causes of exudative ascites?

A

infection - SBP; TB
inflammation - pancreatitis
malignancy - luminal (stomach/colon); pancreas; liver (primary/metastatic); ovarian; lymphoma

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12
Q

what are the causes of hepatomegaly?

2I 2B 2C

A

Infection - viral hepatitis; EBV; malaria

Infiltration - sarcoidosis; amyloidosis; fatty liver; hemochromatosis

Blood-related - lymphoma; leukemia; myeloproliferative disorders; meolytic anemia

Biliary - PBC; PSC

Cancer - Primary HCC; mets

Congestion - RHF; tricuspid regurg; Budd-Chiari

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13
Q

IBD extra-intestinal manifestations

A 
clubbing
aphtous ulcers
eyes - epscleritis, conjunctivitis
skin - erythema nodosum; pyoderma gangrenosum
joints - seroneg spondyloarthropathy
PSC (UC)
amyloidosis (Chrons)
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14
Q

what are the causes of massive splenomegaly, past umbilicus?

3M

A

Malaria
Myelofibrosis
CML

and:
IE
RA (if low WCC, then is Felty syndrome)
felty syndrome - RA, low WCC, splenomegaly ± hypersplenism causing anemia & platelets
- Rx: DMARDS ± rituximab if refractory

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15
Q

Does portal hypertension cause hepatomegaly?

A

NO - only causes splenomegaly, caput medusae, esophageal varices, gastropathy & ascites

presents in hepatomegaly ONLY when associated w/ early hepatic diseases (chronic active hepatitis)

If assoc w/ relatively late hepatic disease eg cirrhosis, that causes a shrunken liver + isolated splenomegaly

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OSCE (12 decks)

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