UK Separations (incl deemed) Flashcards
What is longitudinal separation?
Separation using time or distance so that the spacing between the estimated positions of a/c is never less than a prescribed minima
How can longitudinal separation be achieved?
Be requiring an a/c to;
Depart at a specified time
Lose or gain time to arrive over a geographical location at a specifed time
Hold over a geographic location until a specified time
Between what flights will standard separation be provided?
1) All flights in Class A Airspace
2) IFR flights in Class C, D and E Airspace
3) IFR and VFR flights in Class C
4) IFR and SVFR flights
5) SVFR except where a reduction is authorised by the CAA
When shall separation standards be increased?
1) When requested by Pilot
2) When ATCO considers it necessary
3) Directed by CAA
What are the Long separations based on time for a/c on same track and same level?
2 mins- provided 2 mins dep sep has been applied
3 mins- When specifically authorised by the CAA and both a/c are; 1) equipped with functioning transponders; and 2) continously monitored by ATS surveillance systems and the actual distance between them is never less than 20NM
5 mins- Provided the preceding a/c has filed an airspeed of 20 kts or more faster than the following a/c
5 mins- When specifically authorised by the CAA and both a/c are; 1) equipped with functioning transponders; and 2) continously monitored by ATS surveillance systems and the actual distance between them is never less than 30NM
10 mins
What are the time based long sep for a/c Climbing and descending on the same track?
5 mins at time levels are crossed- Provided that the level change is commenced within 10 mins of the time the second a/c has reported over the same ERP
10 mins
What are the time based long sep for a/c crossing tracks?
10 mins
What are the time based long sep for a/c on reciprocal tracks?
10 mins before and after estimated passing time-
Vertical sep shall be provided for at least 10 mins both prior to and after the estimated time of passing unless it is confirmed that the a/c have actually passed each other by;
-ATS surveillance info
-A visual sighting report from both a/c (day only)
- A/c position reports over the same ERP, provided vertical separation is maintained for sufficient time to take into account possible nav errors
What are the times for longitudinal separation of departing a/c and what are the conditions? (MATS 1)
1 min- If the a/c are flying on different tracks separated by at least 45°. Minima may be reduced if using lateral runways which do not cross, procedure must be approved and lateral separation must be effected immediately after take off.
2 min- For tracks not separated by 45° provided that the preceding a/c is 40kts or more faster and neither aircraft is cleared to execute a manoeuvre that would decrease the 2 min separation between them.
5 min- Provided that the preceding aircraft has filed a true airspeed of 20kts or more faster than the following aircraft.
5 min- Provided that 5 minutes separation is maintained up to a reporting point, within or adjacent to a control zone or terminal control area and the a/c will be subesequently separated either;
1) Vertically
2) by Tracks which divert by 30° or more; or
3) by radar
* Only to be used at locations approved by CAA*
10 min
What are the time based long sep between departing a/c and those already established en-route?
10 mins
5 mins- provided;
En-route a/c has a filed TAS 20kts or more faster
En-route a/c has reported over an ERP where departing a/c joins route and the departing a/c has been instructed to arrive at that point 5 mins behind the en-route a/c
What are the distance based longitudinal separations for a/c on recipricol tracks in the UK?
Recipricol Tracks
40nm unless both a/c have been established as having crossed each other and are at least 10nm apart, if within 100nm of a DME/TACAN this may be further reduced to 5nm
What is geographical separation in the UK?
• Positive position reports over different geographical locations - specified as being separated (MATS Pt2).
What are the distance based longitudinal separations for a/c on the same track when climbing and descending in the UK?
Climbing or descending on the same track
15nm at the time that the levels are crossed
What are the distance based longitudinal separations for a/c on the same track and level in the UK?
Same level;
15nm When the leading a/c is 20kts TAS or more faster and both a/c are within 100nm of a DME/TACAN
20nm When the leading a/c is 20kts TAS or more faster
20nm when both a/c are within 100nm of a DME/TACAN
25nm otherwise
What is the track based sep for a/c using VOR Radials where both a/c are inbound to the same VOR?
What is the track based sep for a/c using VOR Radials where both a/c are outbound from the same VOR?
What is the track based sep for a/c using VOR Radials where one a/c is inbound to and the other outbound from the same VOR?
What track separation allows a/c outbound from the same VOR to not require any distance from the VOR?
45 degrees
What is the track based sep for a/c using NDB bearings?
What is the track based sep for a/c using VOR Radials when DME is not available?
Within what distance can DME ranges no longer be used and why?
Within 15nm due slant range, therefore any a/c within 15 miles is considered to be at 15 nm for separation (eg if you need 30nm and one is at 2nm you would need 45nm for the other as the nearest one would count as at 15nm)
When may a/c climb using VMC climb and descent?
1) Manoeuvre is restricted to Class D, E or G airspace at or below FL100
2) It is during daylight hours
3) The a/c are in VMC
4) The pilot of the a/c climbing or descending agrees to maintain his own separation from other a/c and the manoeuvre is agreed by the pilot of the other a/c; and
5) ETI is given
In what kind of airspace may you not use VMC climb or descent?
CAS-T
Deemed sep 10.1
Deemed sep 10.2
Deemed sep 10.3
Deemed sep 10.4
Deemed sep 10.5
Deemed sep 10.6
Deemed sep 10.7
