UK's Physical Landscape Flashcards
What are the three main types of rock?
Igneous, Sedimentary, Metamorphic
How are Sedimentary rocks formed?
When small particles are eroded, transported and deposited in a layer/remains of plants and animals
Give two examples of sedimentary rocks:
Chalk and Limestone
How are Igneous rocks formed?
When volcanic activity causes magma or lava to cool, forming rocks made of crystals that are usually hard.
Give two examples of Igneous rocks:
Granite and Marble
How are metamorphic rocks formed?
When already existing rocks have been changed by extreme heat or pressure. They usually consist of layers made of strong crystals.
Give two examples of metamorphic rocks:
slate and schist
What caused the current UK landscape?
Volcanic activity and tectonic processes because we used to be closer to plate boundaries. This caused faults and folds in the rocks.
What is the distribution of rock in the UK?
Upland areas - Igneous and metamorphic - Scotland, South Wales and the Lake District.
Lowland areas - Sedimentary - less resistant to erosion - Southeast England and the North and South Downs
What does high relief mean?
Visible above the earth
Two benefits of farming on a landscape:
- Income generated supports athe local community + provides jobs
- The formation of field barriers and hedgerows has provided wildlife corridors for bats.
Two disadvantages of farming on a landscape:
- Decline in chalk grassland due to use of chemicals in farming
- A decline of traditional practices such as extensive sheep grazing has lead to scrub encroachment on remaining chalk grassland.
What is a wildlife corridor?
A link to wildlife habitat, normally native vegetation, which joins two or more, larger areas of similar wildlife habitats
What is Scrub encroachment?
The gradual invasion of bushes due to lack of management.
A benefit of forestry:
Provides a habitat for a range of species
