UK's Human Landscape Flashcards
What is population density?
The average number of people in an area, given in km (squared)
What is urban?
Built up areas such as towns and cities
What is rural?
The countryside, away from urban areas
Why do people migrate to cities?
Better job opportunities, Transport facilities
What is a multiplier effect?
When ones action has knock on effects which continue to happen e.g. people move to an area, they need more services which means jobs are created, people earn more money
What is conurbation?
A continuous build up area, formed by merging towns and cities
What is the northern powerhouse?
The region politicians think could drive the economy of Northern England
Where is the northern powerhouse?
Liverpool, Manchester, Leeds, Bradford and Sheffield
What are the characteristics of rural areas?
Low population density
Older populations
Lower incomes
Higher transport costs
How the government tired to reduce the gap between urban cores and rural periphery areas?
Make the area more attractive
Enterprise zones
Improvements to transport
What are enterprise zones?
Places where the UK government offer companies help with start up costs, reduced taxes and access to super fast broadband
What improvements to transport have been planned?
HS2 railway link between London, Birmingham, Manchester and Leeds
What is immigration?
The number of people moving onto the country
What are the causes of the growth of the UK population?
Net migration
Rising birth rate
What is emigration?
The number of people leaving a country
What is net migration?
The difference between immigrants and emigrants
Why has immigration increased?
EU membership
Globalisation
Why is birth rate increasing?
More women in their 20s choosing to have children
Women choosing to have children who had previously postponed having children for a career
What are the impacts of immigration?
Multicultural society
Ageing population
What is an ageing population?
The % of people over 65 who depend on the working population
Why is an ageing population a problem?
Pension and health costs increase, more taxes are needed
How does immigration help reduce the problem of an ageing population?
Adding to the working economy therefore adding to the taxes being paid to support the ageing population
What are the different types of jobs?
Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Quaternary
What are primary jobs?
Jobs involving collecting resources from the natural environment e.g. farmer, fisher, miner
What are secondary jobs?
Making/ manufacturing products
What are tertiary jobs?
Jobs which provide a service to others e.g. healthcare
What are Quaternary jobs?
Specialist researchers, IT consultant
Which 2 categories of jobs make up the old economy?
Primary and secondary
What is the new economy?
Tertiary and Quaternary
Why did the primary and secondary jobs go into decline?
Cheaper to make products overseas
Technology/Machinery is doing jobs instead of people
What is de-industrilisation?
The closing of industry in locations
What is the domino effect because of de-industilisation?
As one industry closes, others do as weel as which leads to shops and services closing aslo