UK Physical

Question 1

Coastal management methods

Answer 1

Hold the line, managed retreat, do nothing, advance the line

Question 2

ICZM

Answer 2

Integrated Coastal Zone Management. Managing the coast in a holistic way

Question 3

Hold the line strategies

Answer 3

E.g. Barton-on-Sea. Stopping more erosion from happening and protecting current coastlines by using a mixture of hard and soft engineering

Question 4

Do nothing coastal management method

Answer 4

Allow erosion to happen

Question 5

Managed retreat/strategic realignment

Answer 5

E.g. Porlock Bay. Working with nature to allow gradual erosion using natural ecosystems such as rip rap and shingle barriers to protect the coast from storms and high tides, preventing the destruction of farmland and reducing the impact of flooding

Question 6

Advance the line strategy

Answer 6

Reclaim land and protect it using hard and soft engineering

Question 7

Soft engineering def and eg

Answer 7

Using natural resources to build defences e,g, dredging (using and moving sand from one area to another to build up the beach and widen the distance between the sea and property) and levees (piles of mud and dirt)

Question 8

Hard engineering def and eg

Answer 8

Man-made built structures used as defences e.g. Revetments, groynes, sea walls, rip-rap and gabions

Question 9

Coastal management at Christchurch Bay

Answer 9

Rip rap and rock grognes for cliff foot erosion

Cliff drainage and cliff regrading to tackle slumping

Question 10

Rock grounds at BoS

Answer 10

Pos: maintain the beach by trapping sand transported by LSD, looks natural,nincreases biodiversity
Neg: costs £2000 per metre, still erodes away and needs replacing, rocks can get dislodged and moved

Question 11

Rip rap at BoS

Answer 11

Pos: prevents undercutting, looks natural, lasts longer
Neg: cost £2000 per metre, potentially hazardous to tourists as they become jagged overtime

Question 12

Cliff drainage at BoS

Answer 12

Metal pipes replaced with plastic pipes in cliffs.
Pos: don’t rust or corrode.p, prevent slumping and saturation.
Neg: can be exposed thus becoming dangerous and hazardous to tourists

Question 13

Cliff regrading at BoS

Answer 13

Shaping the cliffs like stairs rather than steep slopes.
Pos: increases stability of the cliff and easy access.
Neg: involves a lot of work, heavy machinery, disrupts countryside life, cost is extremely expensive, water will collect on steps and still be dangerous

Question 14

Calculating CBA

Answer 14

Cost Benefit Analysis = value of property / cost of defences

The higher the value over 1, the more economically viable the defence strategy

Question 15

Why did BoS use this certain costal management method

Answer 15

Hold the line: money, tourism and to protect businesses

Question 16

Causes and effects of erosion at BoS

Answer 16

Long fetch and SW prevailing winds - causes LSD which removes beach material. Groynes - stop sand supply in Christchurch from Bournemouth. Destructive waves - scouts the beach and undercuts weak cliffs. Cliff slumping - made from sand and clay

Question 17

Location of BoS

Answer 17

A337 in Christchurch. SE of New Milton. In Hampshire. ENE of Christchurch Bay

Question 18

Drainage basin

Answer 18

The area of land drained by a river and its tributaries

Question 19

Watershed

Answer 19

An area of land that separates two drainage basins

Question 20

Confluence

Answer 20

Where two rivers meet

Question 21

Discharge def

Answer 21

The volume of water flowing through a Chanel at a given time. Measure of in cubic metres per second (cumecs) m3/s

Question 22

Fissured

Answer 22

Less permeable, denser, e.g. Clay

Question 23

Interfranular

Answer 23

Water can run though, permeable, e.g. Sand