UK Geographical issues: Evolving human landscapes, Dynamic cities

Question 1

How do you work out population density?

Answer 1

population/area

Question 2

What is an urban core?

Answer 2

areas which are densely populated and drive the UK

Question 3

What is the multiplier effect?

Answer 3

The way in which countries develop follow a model similar to:

1) People work to earn money/more people move into the area
2) People spend more money as they earn more from working
3) The government earns more in tax
4) Money gets invested in health care, education and jobs
5) higher educated people earning more from higher paid jobs
6) spend more, taxes, investment and so on

Question 4

What is a the name of an area which a city has expanded to join other cities or towns due to migration and expansion?

Answer 4

conurbation

Question 5

Why dos population density vary across the uk?

Answer 5

• Availability of natural resources when the UK relied mainly on a primary economy
• Availability of work

Question 6

What are the characteristics of the rural periphery?

Answer 6

• far from major cities
• low population
• ageing population
• low incomes
• young people moving out for work

Question 7

What incentives are there for closing the gap between the rural periphery and urban cores?

Answer 7

• enterprise zones
• regional development grants(grants to set up business)
• EU grants
• improvements to transport

Question 8

What is Net immigration?

Answer 8

The difference between those that come in and those that leave the UK.

Question 9

What is the primary sector?

Answer 9

People who work by extracting raw material

Question 10

What is the secondary sector?

Answer 10

People who work on manufacturing/assembling products

Question 11

What is the Tertiary sector?

Answer 11

People who work selling products

Question 12

What is the quaternary sector?

Answer 12

Designing/producing/researching

Question 13

What is the birth rate?

Answer 13

The number of live births per 1000 people

Question 14

What is the knowledge economy?

Answer 14

Jobs which require a high level of qualifications

Question 15

What is the new economy?

Answer 15

A service based economy (tertiary)

Question 16

What is the old economy?

Answer 16

Primary and secondary

Question 17

What is globalisation?

Answer 17

Globalisation is the process by which the world is becoming increasingly interconnected as a result of massively increased trade and cultural exchange. Companies now operate on an international scale resulting in increased trade.

Question 18

What is the name for the process by which companies invest in other countries?

Answer 18

FDI

Foreign Direct Investment

Question 19

What is privatisation?

Answer 19

The change of ownership of services from government to a private company

Question 20

What is the name of companies which work in many different countries?

Answer 20

TNC’s

Trans-National Companies

Question 21

What are the advantages and disadvantages of the New economy?

Answer 21

ADVANTAGES
-higher pay
-bonuses as well as pay
-leads to globalisation 
DISADVANTAGES
-long hours
-contracts
-some part time
-some temporary
-stationary(unhealthy)
-commuting (emissions)
-less family time

Question 22

What are the positives and negatives of globalisation and TNC’s expanding?

Answer 22

+
-More sales, more income, government claims more in taxes
-Increased trade
-boosted economy
-more products available to buy
Negatives
-Could take over are own companies and put them out of business

Question 23

What a CBD?

Answer 23

Central business district

The area in a city that has high value and is mainly used for business and retail

Question 24

why is immigration important to help cities work?

Answer 24

• Helps to keep the competition for the high paid jobs between the most skilled employees
• Fills the minimum wage jobs like food delivery and cleaning

Question 25

What is Deindustrialisation?

Answer 25

The closing of ports and industries usually due to cheaper imports

Question 26

What is Depopulation?

Answer 26

The decline of people and services in an area

Question 27

What is suburbanisation?

Answer 27

People moving to the suburbs for better houses and quieter living

Question 28

What is Decentralisation?

Answer 28

Online and out of town shopping causing a decrease in the size of the Central business district.

Question 29

What is London's green belt?

Answer 29

A ring of countryside where urbanisation will be resisted for the foreseeable future, maintaining an area where agriculture, forestry and outdoor leisure can be expected to develop.

Question 30

What is bad about London's green belt?

Answer 30

Increases commuting distances which hence increases emissions

Question 31

What is counter urbanisation?

Answer 31

Declination of urbanisation as companies and people move out of urban areas

Question 32

What is gentrification?

Answer 32

When high income earners move closer to their jobs to avoid long commutes

Question 33

What area of London has regeneration and rebranding had the biggest effect on?

Answer 33

Areas like Stratford which has had an increase in jobs as more companies invest in the area due to the Olympic park rebranding the area as a better area. The Olympic park brought more jobs, nicer housing and more green spaces allowing for development to take place.

Question 34

How has the government made the rural periphery more attractive to business?

Answer 34

- Cheap office rental - attractive to tourists - increasing accessibility - business districts where tax is limited

Question 35

Why do rural areas experience pressure from economic and social change?

Answer 35

-brain drain (intelligent young people moving out to find work) -decline of primary industry resulting in low income jobs -Less attractive to investment due to accessibility and services -elderly people costing a lot health care and pensions -no knowledge economy -

Question 36

Why has there been a decline in secondary and primary employment across the UK?

Answer 36

- Cheaper imports so businesses like mines have been put out of work as the buyers now choose to import goods (e.g. steel from china) - Secondary employment in jobs like ship building has also declined because of cheaper imports due manufacturers paying their workers less abroad

Question 37

What are the advantages of privatisation?

Answer 37

-More competition meaning better quality of service

Question 38

What are the disadvantages of privatisation?

Answer 38

Increased cost for things like NHS which if privatised would mean some people wouldn't be able to afford health care.

Question 39

Why is London experiencing growth at its suburbs?

Answer 39

- Improved transport. For example, more buses and faster trains with schemes to make it cheaper for people commuting from the suburbs. - cheaper and nicer housing with gardens and room to raise a family. - Out of town shopping allowing for people to live in the suburbs and not have to go into the CBD to buy things

Question 40

What caused the decline of London docks?

Answer 40

New, bigger container ships couldn't reach the docks so new docks has to be built further up stream.

Question 41

What were the impacts of London's closed docks?

Answer 41

- De industrialisation. Industries that relied on the port had to move too, closing some of London's biggest manufacturing areas like lea valley. - Unemployment rates increased to over 60% so people left to find to work causing depopulation.

Question 42

What are some of the causes of decentralisation in London?

Answer 42

- Buying online (e-commerce) - people moving to the suburbs meaning they are more likely to use out of town shopping - closure of London's docks

Question 43

How are is London trying to reduce decentralisation?

Answer 43

By developing new shopping centres in the city centre like Westfield shopping centre.

Question 44

What is gentrification?

Answer 44

When high income workers move closer to their jobs to reducing commuting distance

Question 45

How has the Olympic park help rebrand east London as a nice area?

Answer 45

Through the regeneration of Stratford, the increased amount green spaces and leisure facilities, has brought investment and people to Stratford, rebranding it as a nice area