UK Evolving Human Landscape Flashcards
Urban core vs rural areas
Population density
Urban = high and staying high, over 200 ppl per kmsq
Rural = low 1-100 ppl per kmsq
Urban core vs rural areas
Age structure
Urban = young, single
rural = old, some single
Urban core vs rural areas
economic activites
Urban = retailing, shops, headquaters, offices, jobs, factories, libraries, museums, theatre
rural = farming fishing, forestry, mining, work from home, tourism, renewable energies
Urban core vs rural areas
Settlement
Urban = metropolis, conurbation, large town, mix of low and high buildings, expensive
rural = market towns, isolated farms, villages, low rise, cheaper
4 ways the UK and EU gov have tried to reduce the diff beween rural and urban areas
- Enterprise zones
- Investment in transport
- regional development
- EU grants - helps regions with gdp below 75%
How do enterprise zones reduce diff between urban and rural?
- places where gov offers companies help with start up costs
- reduced taxes
- superfast broadband
- to creat jobs in areas that dont have them
How does investment in transport reduce diff between urban and rural?
- vital for rural to connect with urban
- creates jobs
How does regional development reduce diff between urban and rural?
- Grants and advice to help business start up
- Cornall gets European regional development fund cuz its GDP is 75% of the European average. ERDF allows ppl to live in Cornwall and work
What has coal mining and iron/steel producted declined in North East England?
- foreign competition
- high land and labour costs
- exhaustion of coal seams
What is the new economy?
- Tertiary and quaternary economy
- increase in pop needs more tertiary jobs
One reason for growth in tertiary employment UK
- Pop growing, so more services needed like teachers
- low skills to find teritary jobs
- deindustrialisation/ decline in primary employment so increase in tertiary sectors
Whats globalisation?
Globalisation is the increasing interconnectedness and interdependence of the world economically, culturally and politically.
What are free trade policies?
- Allow countries to trade without incurring costs like import/export taxes
- When UK was in EU, it had a free trade policy
What is privitisation?
How has it increased FDI?
- change in ownership of services like buses from the public sector (from gov) to the private sector (shareholders)
- Increase FDI, as companies overseas wanna invest
- increased competition
- profits go to shareholders
What is FDI?
- businesses to another country
What are conurbations?
Have high pop densities, over 600 ppl per kmsq
Pop density
number of ppl living in an area measured in per km2
rural periphery
rural area outside of the main city
periphery
edge of smth
Challenges in rural areas
- isolation
- transport
- few jobs
- older pop
- lower incomes
- high transport costs
- out migration of younger ppl
push factors
- pollution
- crime rate
- low salary
- poor education
- war
- poverty
- drought
- no safety
- no jobs
pull factors
- jobs
- better place to start business
- peaceful/developed
- better weather
- lower crime
- scenic views
- healthcare
- more wealth
- fertile land
- lower risk of natrual hazards
- political stability
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brain drain
source country lose skilled worders leading to a shrinking economy
positives of migration
- immigrants make jobs
- take less desirable jobs
- diverse
- boost economy
- 20% of docs are immigrants
