Geographical Investigations Flashcards
Systematic sampling
sites surveyed at regular intervals eg every 20m
Downsides to systematic sampling
some sites may be inacessible, could be a building in the way
Random sampling
no particular pattern
Downside to random sampling
most sites could be grouped in one area meaning that some areas arent surveyed
Stratified sampling
Divide sampling into groups eg 3 sites from each sector area
Downside with stratified sampling
Takes more time to work out which groups/sites to sample
Primary data used for the urban fieldwork
- Environmental quality surveys
- Place profiles
- Field sketches
- risk assessment
Urban fieldwork hypothesis + reason for the choice of hypothesis
-
Environmental quality will be better in Chiswick, lower crime rates + better quality of life than in Hounslow
been studying urban geog + deprivation, so carrying out fieldwork to investigate vatiation in a town is useful
Quality of Life
1. How did you collect the data + equipment?
2. Why did you collect this data?
3. Why this method?
4. What problems caused inaccuracies?
5. Improvements?
- Questions pre-planned, approached members of the public, Questions scored 0 to 10, 0 being worst
- Simple and easy to use, allows comparison. 3. Helps answer hypothesis
- Questionnaire didnt encompass age or gender, so this will vary the type of responses we get
+ didnt account for any tourists who answered the questions
Environmental Quality
1. How did you collect the data + equipment?
2. Why did you collect this data?
3. Why this method?
4. What problems caused inaccuracies?
5. Improvements?
- Bipolar table with 14 diff categories like litter, noise,traffic
Ranked it from -2 (very bad) to +2, then totalled up score for each site max score 28 - Simple and easy way, easily compared but also within categories
We cant answer enquiry question w/o this data - Its subject, diff opinions, could have collected more data eg graffiti, vandalism, some factors were similar. limited range from -2 to +2
- Could have increased rating range for more polarised view
Questions we could ask about Goring on Sea?
Why have you chosen these questions?
- Do groynes affect changes in sediment size?
- Do groynes affect changes in beach shape along the beach?
- They are measurable and easy to carry out in one day
Ways to present data
- bar chart
- pie chart
- place profile (10 adj)
- line graph
- field sketch
Secondary data sources Goring By Sea
- Geology map
- Video by council
- News article BBC
Primary data collection Goring By Sea + state qualitative or quantitative
- Groyne highets - quan
- Sediment analysis - quan
- Place profile - qual
- Field sketch - qual
Advantages and disadvantages of: Groyne heights
+
Simple, no special equipment needed
X
large enough sample size needed to have a reliable conclusion
Advantages and disadvantages of: Sediment analysis
+
Easy method
X
Time consuming to measure a range of rocks
Advantages and disadvantages of: Place profile
+
Can see which words are most representative of a place
X
words are synonyms, we dont now how many people have said it, subjective opinion
Advantages and disadvantages of: Field sketch
+
Helps to remember a place + can highlight key feautres of an area
X Not accurate
Secondary sources for Goring By sea + state qual or quan
- Geology map - qual
- News article - qual
Advantages and disadvantages of: Geology map
+ tells type of rock
x could have erros or inaccuraices
Advantages and disadvantages of: News article
+ Accesible
X biased or outdated
Secondary Data used in the Chiswick and Hounslow fieldwork
- Census data
- IMD data
- Traffic count data
- Crime rates
Primary Data used in the Chiswick and Hounslow fieldwork
- Environmental quality survey
- place profiles
- field sketches
Enquiry question for Goring by Sea
How does the use of groynes (coastal management) impact coastal processes of erosion and longshore drift and communities?
Hypothesis for Goring
Groynes are effective at reducing longshore drift
Equipment used to measure rock size in Goring
calliper - along 4 sites alsong the groyne measuring 5 rocks at each site
Improvements for Goring
- better equipment to make it more precise
- more data to improve sample size
How did you present your data in Goring?
Why
Double bar graph - allow for comparison + showed changes across the east and west of the sites
Why did we choose Goring?
- Get reliable data as groynes are evenly spaced out
- accesible as there is a road
- safe - footpaths
Why may your conclusions be unreliable?
- Unrepresenatative - only spent a few hrs there, didnt collect data of diff days to get a range
- Bad equipment - inaccurate and unreliable or misused
*
Ways to increase reliaility of data in Goring
- need to collect at multiple sites of beach so larger sample size
- collect on multiple days
- use same method
- collect more than once data
- equipment used properly + more than once
How would you measure the graident (beach profile) of a beach?
clinometer
Factors to consider when choosing the fieldwork location?
- accesibility
- safety
- types of waves
- rock type -compare
- loccation from school
Sediment analysis Goring data
Site 1 Sea Shore:
sediment number 1 = 0.2cm long axis- rounded
sediment 5 = 0.4cm long axis - rounded
Site 2 - further:
sediment number 1 = 2.3 long axis - subrounded
sediment 5 = 10.3cm -subrounded
Site 3
Sediment 1 = 5.5cm long axis rounded
Site 4 - furthest back shore
Sediment 1 = 5cm long axis not rounded
sediment 2 = 1cm not rounded
Trends in sediment analysis
The closer to the shore, rocks are rounder and smaller (site 1)
Any anomolies in sediment analysis
some of the rocks were large closest to the shore eg 5cm
site 4 most tocks above 9cm, one is only 3cm
Groyne heights
Trends
Evidence
Anomalies
- Groynes higher on east side than west side
- East side = 114cm west = 104cm
*
Data for urban fieldwork
Environmental quality
IMD
Crime
Environmental quality
C = 17 H = -13
IMD
C = Better than 35% ofof areas in England Hounslow = 38% - better education
Crime
C = 157 crimes reported in April 2023 Hounslow = 171 crimes
