UK Case Study Flashcards
What was the UK’s employment structure like in before?
. Before the 1800s most people still worked in the primary sectors, including farming and mining.
. The Industrial Revolution of the 19th century led to an increase in manufacturing, in the secondary sector.
. In the last few decades have seen a shift to the service sector, and recently the quaternary sector has seen an increase.
What are the main causes of economic/ industrial change?
. De-industrialisation
. Globalisation
. Government policies
How has de-industrialisation effected the UK’s economic structure?
It has happened as machines have replaced people, raw materials have been exhausted, and it has become cheaper to import from countries like China.
How have government policies effected the economic structure of the Uk?
The government has shifted its focus to fund from secondary to tertiary and quaternary.
1944-79- the government created state run industries, like British rail.
1979-2010- state run industries sold to private companies; privatisation. As a result many older industries shut down, and new private companies brought change.
2010 onwards- the government worked on rebalancing the economy. This included improvement to transport, like HS2, more investment in manufacturing and research, and encouraging global firms to locate in the Uk.
What have some environmental impacts been on the UK due to changing economic sector?
The rivers have been heavily polluted, and currently none of the rivers in the Uk meet their hygiene quality expectations.
Landfill means that contaminated water from the landfill seeps into the groundwater, this process is known as leachate.
What is the background of Teesside?
Teesside is located in the North East England, and has one of the largest industrial concentrations in the Uk. It is home to chemical and manufacturing industries. The development of industry here started in the 1850s due to the discovery of natural resources such as iron and limestone.
How does Teesside impact the environment?
Despite the decline of industry in the Uk as a whole, Teesside still contains 58% of the UK’s chemical industry. These generate £26 million annually.
However this has a huge impact on the environment, 5.6% of the total CO2 emissions of the Uk come from Teesside’s industries, meaning it has a huge environmental footprint.
What is the South Teesside Corporation?
A group awarded £123 million funds from the government charged with bringing areas back into productive use. In 2020 they announced the creation of the Net Zero Teesside making it a global leader and anchor project.
An estimated 5500 jobs will be created and started up in 2025. This will bring half a billion into the local economy.
How is Carbon Capture present in Teesside?
Due to Teesside’s location next to the North Sea, CC is possible, as the carbon can be stored under the sea. This process is still in the developmental phase but plans are underway for CC technology to reduce Teesside’s Carbon emissions by up to 90%.
What investments in renewable energy are underway in Teesside?
. A new energy plant has been created has opened which generates energy from burning non-recyclable waste. This will power enough electricity to power 56,000 homes.
. A new biomass power plant at Wilton has opened to burn wood shipped from sustainable forests in Scandinavia. This will create enough energy to supply energy to 600,000 homes by 2020.
How has the development of IT operated in the UK?
. The IT industry in the UK is worth £58 billion a year, and around 100,000 software companies operate in the UK, like Microsoft.
. The impacts of IT are that cloud based storage systems are a fast growing part of the UK, and the UK’s cyber security market has grown due to an increased cyber threat. This is worth about £2.8 billion a year.
How is the service sector operating in the UK?
. Today over 3/4 of the UK’s economy is from the service sector. Finance is a big part of this sector, like banking and insurance. The city of London is the UK’s and one of the worlds leading financial centres.
. The UK exports services as well, such as tourism and education, and people from other countries travel to the UK for these services. The UK is the second largest exporter of services globally.
How is the research sector operating in the UK?
. The government believes that science and research are important for the UK’s growth.
. The Uk research sector employs over 60,000 highly qualified people, and contributes over £3 billion to the UK’s economy. This work is done at universities such as Cambridge and Edinburgh.
What is a business park?
A business park is an area of land occupied by a cluster of businesses. They are often located on the edge of towns.
What is a science park?
. Science parks are also often located on the outskirts of towns and cities. They are usually linked to universities and specialise in information and technology research.
. They are linked to universities because businesses in science parks can have access to university research, allowing them to develop new technology.
