UEA Flashcards
ANSWER: D
A: Codeine is contra-indicated in all children (under 18 years) who undergo the removal of tonsils or adenoids for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea
B: codeine is contra-indicated in patients of any age who are known to be ultra-rapid metabolisers of codeine (CYP2D6 ultra-rapid metabolisers -i.e., ethiopians
C: codeine should not be used in breast-feeding mothers because it can pass to the baby through breast milk
E: Codeine should only be used to relieve acute moderate pain in children older than 12 years and only if it cannot be relieved by other painkillers such as paracetamol or ibuprofen alone.
Answer E
The 5HT3-receptor antagonists, granisetron, ondansetron, and palonosetron, are used in the management of nausea and vomiting in patients receiving cytotoxics.
ANSWER C
A: topical
B: topical
D: topical
E: >16
Owing to an association with Reye’s syndrome, manufacturer advises aspirin-containing preparations should not be given to children under 16 years, unless specifically indicated, e.g. for Kawasaki disease.
ANSWER D - outside EEA
A: clinical not legal requirement
B: prescriptions can be handwritten
C: ‘x2’ prescription = can be dispensed once and repeated twice (total x3)
E: ‘SLS’ = selective list scheme i.e., can only be prescribed for specific indications. Sildenafil is no longer an SLS. Sildenafil recently reclassified from POM to P medicine
What are the legal requirements of a prescription?
- Age (if <12)
- Patient name
- Address
- Signature of prescriber
- Prescriber registration
- Prescriber address
- Date
ANSWER D
Hyperglycaemia = hypokalaemia
Hypoglycaemia = hyperkalaemia
Explanation: If your potassium levels are too low, your body may make less insulin. That could lead to high blood sugar
ANSWER B:
A - Minimum age 6
C - Minimum age 6
D - Minimum age 6
E - Minimum age 6
What is guaifenesin used for?
Expectorant - used to help clear mucus (phlegm) from your airway.
What are oxymetazoline, phenylephrine and pseudoephedrine used for?
decongestants
ANSWER D
A: Licensed for 18 to 45 years old
B: cautioned in patients receiving oral contraceptives (increased risk of thrombosis)
C: Licensed for 18 to 45 years old - usually interacts with blood thinners
E: Increases the risk of thrombosis
ANSWER E
A: smelly thin discharge with no itching or soreness
B: discharge usually white, ‘cheese-like’, and non-malodorous. But has accompanied itching
C: Unexplained persistent vaginal discharge (may be blood-stained) which is not secondary to infection or other causes.
D: symptoms may include fever, headache, skin rash, confusion, vomiting, or diarrhoea
Answer: C
Diagnosis Blepharitis.
1. Soak a clean flannel or cotton wool in warm water and place it on your closed eyelid for 5 to 10 minutes.
2. Gently massage your eyelids for around 30 seconds.
3. Clean your eyelids using cotton wool or a cotton bud. It might help to use a small amount of baby shampoo in water. Gently wipe along the edge of your eyelids to remove any flakes or crusts.
ANSWER B
Has already tried increasing diet and water intake therefore needs a stimulant laxative i.e., docusate, which is a stool softener and stimulant
ANSWER A
Symptoms:
1. There may be tonsillar enlargement, the tonsils may meet in the mid-line, and there is usually a ‘whitewash’ exudate on the tonsils.
2. Pharyngeal inflammation and palatal petechiae are also common — petechiae are 1–2 mm in diameter and occur in crops lasting 3–4 days.
3. Sore throat may fail to improve, or become worse, after several days
B:
Pharyngitis is often associated with pharyngeal exudate and cervical lymphadenopathy.
Tonsillitis is associated with tonsillar exudate with enlargement and erythema of the tonsils. There may be anterior cervical lymphadenopathy. - no white discharge
C:
suggested by severe and acute onset of sore throat and fever, muffled voice, drooling, and stridor.
A child with epiglottitis prefers to sit leaning forward. Breathing tends to be tentative and careful, without marked increase in respiration rate. Inspiratory stridor and hoarseness may occur. Tachycardia may be out of proportion to the fever if hypoxia is present.
In adults, predictors of airway compromise include sitting erect, stridor, and dyspnoea.
D: Same as option B
E: suggested by fever, neck pain, trismus, a muffled voice, a displaced uvula, and an enlarged, displaced tonsil, with swelling of the peri-tonsillar region. It is most common in children 2 to 4 years of ag
ANSWER C
A: avoid in history of postural hypotension
B: C/I in history of postural hypotension
D: C/I in history of postural hypotension
E: C/I in urinary retention
Answer D
Oral cancer can present itself in many different ways, which could include: a lip or mouth sore that doesn’t heal
Herpetiform ulcer: They begin as multiple (up to 100) 1- to 3-mm crops of small, painful clusters of ulcers on an erythematous base.
Major aphthous ulcer: are around 1 cm in diameter or larger, occur in groups of up to 6 at a time
Thrush: Symptoms of oral thrush include white spots or patches on your tongue, inside your cheeks, gums and throat.
B
ANSWER E: The whites of your eyes can look inflamed, swollen and red. Your eyes may feel gritty, watery or sticky and your eyelids may become swollen and get stuck together, especially in the mornings
A/B/C: patient has discharge
D: chloramphenicol eye drops licensed over the age of 2
Answer E
Patient is experiencing cataract subcapsular
- make it difficult to see in bright light, and cause glare or halos around lights at night
ANSWER D
Used for: Prophylaxis and treatment of stable angina (second-line)
S/E: N&V
G
D - Giardia infection is an intestinal infection marked by stomach cramps, bloating, nausea and bouts of watery diarrhoea.
F- An infected person (who is ill or a carrier) may contaminate foodstuffs by poor hand hygiene practice
Pink frothy sputum
C - indication of left sided heart failure (swollen ankles hint)
Rust coloured sputum:
Indicative of pneumoniae
H
Spiriva respimat contains: Tiotropium bromide and does not require a capsule
B
Isoflurane is a volatile liquid anaesthetic. Heart rhythm is generally stable during isoflurane anaesthesia, but heart-rate can rise, particularly in younger patients.
D
A
H
A
D
