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Clin Anat I - Exam #2 > UE1 > Flashcards

UE1 Flashcards

1
Q

What does the axial skeleton contain?

A
  • cranium
  • spine
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2
Q

What does the appendicular skeleton contain

A
  • limbs
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3
Q

What distinguishes the inferior and superior sides of the clavicle?

A
  • superior is flat
  • inferior is bumpy
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4
Q

Identify

A
  • red = AC joint (acromioclavicular)
  • blue = GH joint (glenohumeral)
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5
Q

Identify

A
  1. suprascapular notch
  2. coracoid process
  3. subscapular fossa
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6
Q

Identify

A
  1. supraspinous fossa
  2. infraspinous fossa
  3. spine of the scap
  4. acromion
  5. suprascapular notch
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7
Q

Identify

A
  1. supraglenoid tubercle
  2. glenoid fossa (cavity)
  3. infraglenoid tubercle
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8
Q

Identify

A

neck of the scap

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9
Q

Identify

A
  1. medial border
  2. lateral border
  3. superior border
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10
Q

Identify

A
  1. superior angle
  2. inferior angle
  3. lateral angle
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11
Q

Identify

A
  1. anatomical neck
  2. greater tuberocity
  3. surgical neck
  4. lesser tuberocity
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12
Q

Identify

A

humeral head

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13
Q

Identify

A
  1. bicipital groove
  2. lateral epicondyle
  3. medial epicondyle
  4. radial groove
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14
Q

Identify

A
  1. radial fossa
  2. capitulum
  3. trochlea
  4. coronoid fossa
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15
Q

Identify

A

olecranon fossa

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16
Q

Identify

A

pectoralis major

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17
Q

What are the two heads of the pectoralis major?

A
  • clavicular
  • sternocostal
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18
Q

pectoralis major (origin)

A
  • clavicular head = ant med 1/2 clavicle
  • sternocostal head = sternum & costal cartilages
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19
Q

pec major (insertion)

A

lateral lip of bicipital groove

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20
Q

pec major (nerve)

A

lateral and medial pectoral n.

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21
Q

pec major (action)

A
  • ADD
  • IR
  • flexion/extension - depending on starting position and which head you are referencing
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22
Q

Identify

A

pectoralis minor

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23
Q

pec minor (origin)

A

ribs 3-5

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24
Q

pec minor (insertion)

A

coracoid process

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25
Q

pec minor (innervation)

A

medial pectoral n.

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26
Q

pec minor (action)

A
  • scap stabilizer
  • depress
  • protract
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27
Q

What two pathologies can be attributed to pec minor tightness?

A
  • rounded shoulders (i.e. hockey & FH players)
  • thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS)/neurovascular entrapment
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28
Q

Identify

A

subclavius

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29
Q

subclavius (origin)

A

1st rib costochondral joint

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30
Q

subclavius (insertion)

A

inferior surface of middle 1/3 clavicle

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31
Q

subclavius (innervation)

A

n. to subclavius

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32
Q

subclavius (action)

A

anchors/depresses clavicle

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33
Q

What is the clinical significance of subclavius?

A
  • body’s natural splint when fractured
  • prevents NAV compromise
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34
Q

Identify

A
  1. long thoracic n.
  2. serratus anterior muscle
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35
Q

serratus anterior (origin)

A

ribs 1-8 lateral shaft

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36
Q

serratus anterior (insertion)

A

anterior surface of medial scap border

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37
Q

serratus anterior (innervation)

A

long thoracic n.

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38
Q

serratus anterior (action)

A
  • scap protraction
  • upward rotation
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39
Q

What is this pathology?

A

scapular winging

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40
Q

If the scapula can’t rotate ______, then the arm cannot be ______.

A
  • upwards
  • abducted
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41
Q

Identify

A

deltopectoral triangle

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42
Q

What are the borders of the deltopectoral triangle?

A
  • clavicle
  • deltoid
  • pec major
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43
Q

What does the deltopectoral triangle contain?

A

cephalic v.

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44
Q

Describe the cephalic v.

A
  • superficial UE (seen over jacked biceps)
  • dives deep to return to deep circulation
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45
Q

Identify

A
  1. middle deltoid
  2. posterior deltoid
  3. anterior deltoid
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46
Q

deltoid (origin)

A
  • spine of the scap
  • clavicle
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47
Q

deltoid (insertion)

A

deltoid tuberosity on humerus

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48
Q

deltoid (action)

~ as a whole and individual sections ~

A

ABD

  • anterior = flexion & IR
  • middle = ABD
  • posterior = extension & ER
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49
Q

deltoid (innervation)

A

axillary n.

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50
Q

Identify

A

teres major

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51
Q

teres major (origin)

A

inferior angle of scap

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52
Q

teres major (innsertion)

A

medial lip of bicipital groove

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53
Q

teres major (innervation)

A

lower subscapular n.

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54
Q

teres major (action)

A
  • ADD
  • IR
  • extension
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55
Q

What muscles make up the rotator cuff?

A

SITS

  • supraspinatus
  • infraspinatus
  • teres minor
  • subscap
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56
Q

Identify

A
  1. supraspinatus
  2. infraspinatus
  3. teres minor
  4. subscap
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57
Q

Identify

A
  1. teres major
  2. teres minor
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58
Q

Identify

A

subscapularis

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59
Q

subscapularis (origin)

A

subscapular fossa

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60
Q

subscapularis (insertion)

A

lesser tuberosity

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61
Q

subscapularis (action)

A

IR

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62
Q

subscapularis (innervation)

A

lower subscapular n.

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63
Q

supraspinatus (origin)

A

supraspinous fossa

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64
Q

supraspinatus (insertion)

A

greater tuberosity

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65
Q

supraspinatus (action)

A

ABD

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66
Q

supraspinatus (innervation)

A

suprascapular n.

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67
Q

infraspinatus (origin)

A

infraspinous fossa

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68
Q

infraspinatus (insertion)

A

greater tuberosity

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69
Q

infraspinatus (action)

A

ER

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70
Q

infraspinatus (innervation)

A

suprascapular n.

71
Q

teres minor (origin)

A

infraspinous fossa

72
Q

teres minor (insertion)

A

greater tuberosity

73
Q

teres minor (action)

A

ER

74
Q

teres minor (innervation)

A

axillary n.

75
Q

What is the collective action of the rotator cuff?

A

dynamic stabilization of GHJ

76
Q

Identify

A

upper triangular space

77
Q

What are the borders of the upper triangular space?

A
  • teres minor
  • teres major
  • triceps long head
78
Q

What are the contents of the upper triangular space?

A

circumflex scapular vessels

79
Q

Identify

A

lower triangular space

80
Q

What are the borders of the lower triangular space?

A
  • teres major
  • triceps lateral head
  • triceps long head
81
Q

What are the contents of the lower triangular space?

A
  • radial n.
  • deep artery of arm
82
Q

Identify

A

quadrangular space

83
Q

What are the borders of the quadrangular space?

A
  • subscap/teres minor
  • teres major
  • triceps long head
  • humerus
84
Q

What are the contents of the quadrangular space

A
  • posterior circumflex humeral a.
  • axillary n.
85
Q

Identify

A

triangle of auscultation

86
Q

What are the borders of the triangular of auscultation?

A
  • lats
  • medial border of scap
  • traps
87
Q

What are the branches off the subclavian?

A

Vit C & D

  • Vertebral
  • Interal thoracic
  • Thyrocervical
  • Costocervical
  • Dorsal scapular
88
Q

Identify

A
  1. axillary a.
  2. brachial a.
  3. radial a.
  4. ulnar a.
  5. deep a. of arm
89
Q

Identify

A
  1. brachial a.
  2. radial a.
  3. deep arch
  4. superficial arch
  5. ulnar a.
90
Q

Identify

A
  1. suprascapular a.
  2. circumflex a.
  3. subscapular a.
  4. transverse cervical a.
  5. dorsal scap a.
91
Q

Identify

A
  1. dorsal scap a.
  2. circumflex scap a.
  3. suprascapular a.
92
Q

Identify

A
  1. anterior circumflex humeral a.
  2. posterior circumflex humeran a.
93
Q

Identify

A
  1. deep a. of arm
  2. radial collateral
  3. radial recurrent
  4. ulna recurrent
  5. ulna collateral
  6. brachial a.
94
Q

What forms the medial wall of the axilla?

A
  • serratus anterior
  • throacic wall
95
Q

What forms the lateral wall of the axilla?

A

bicipital/intertubercular groove

96
Q

What forms the anterior wall of the axilla?

A

pec major & minor

97
Q

What forms the posterior wall of the axilla?

A
  • scap
  • subscap m.
  • lats
  • teres major
98
Q

What forms the base of the axilla?

A

concave skin, subq tissue, & axillary fascia

99
Q

What forms the apex of the axilla?

A
  • 1st rib
  • clavicle
  • superior end of subscap

aka: cervicoaxillary canal

100
Q

What are the sections of the brachial plexus?

A

Real (Athletic) Trainers Drink Cold Beer

  • Roots
  • Trunk
  • Divisions
  • Cords
  • Branches
101
Q

Which levels of nerves are NOT involved in the brachial plexus?

A
  • C2
  • T2
102
Q

What are the nerves that emerge from the roots of the brachial plexus?

A
  • long thoracic n.
  • dorsal scap n.
103
Q

Identify

A
  1. dorsal scap n.
  2. long thoracic n.
104
Q

What are the three trunks of the brachial plexus?

A
  • superior
  • middle
  • inferior
105
Q

What are the nerves that emerge from the trunk of the brachial plexus?

A
  • suprascapular n.
  • n. to subclavius
106
Q

Identify

A
  1. superior trunk
  2. suprascapular n.
  3. n. to subclavius
  4. inferior trunk
  5. middle trunk
107
Q

What are the divisions of the brachial plexus?

A
  • anterior
  • posterior
108
Q

Identify

A

green = anterior

blue = posterior

109
Q

What are the cords of the brachial plexus?

A
  • lateral
  • medial
  • posterior
110
Q

What merge to form the lateral cord?

A

anterior divisions from the superior and middle trunks

111
Q

What merge to form the posterior cord?

A

posterior divisions from all 3 trunks

112
Q

What merges to form the medial cord?

A

just a continuation of the anterior division of the inferior trunk

113
Q

Identify

A
  1. lateral cord
  2. lateral pectoral n.
  3. posterior cord
  4. lower subscapular n.
  5. thoracodordsal n.
  6. upper scapular n.
  7. medial cord
  8. medial antebrachial cutaneous n.
  9. medial brachial cutaneous n.
  10. medial pectoral n.
114
Q

Identify

A
  1. musculocutaneous n.
  2. axillary n.
  3. radial n.
  4. median n.
  5. ulnar n.
115
Q

What should you look for to orient yourself when identifying the brachial plexus?

A

Classic “M”

  • musculocutaneous n.
  • median n.
  • ulnar n.
116
Q

How can you distinguish the median n. from the other two n. of the classic “M”?

A

only one with two cords merging to form it

117
Q

Identify

A
  1. musculocutaneous n.
  2. coracobrachialis
118
Q

coracobrachialis (origin)

A

coracoid process

119
Q

coracobrachialis (insertion)

A

middle humerus

120
Q

coracobrachialis

(innervation)

A

musculocutaneous n.

121
Q

coracobrachialis

(action)

A

GH flexion

122
Q

Identify

A
  • biceps brachii long head
  • biceps brachii distal tendon
  • bicipital aponeurosis
  • biceps brachii short head
123
Q

biceps brachii

(origin)

A

long head: supraglenoid tubercle

short head: coracoid process

124
Q

biceps brachii

(insertion)

A

radial tuberosity

125
Q

biceps brachii

(action)

A

primarily supinates forarm; when supine, can flex elbow

126
Q

biceps brachii

(innervation)

A

musculocutaneous n.

127
Q

Identify

A

biceps long head rupture

128
Q

Identify

A

brachialis

129
Q

brachialis

(origin)

A

mid humerus

130
Q

brachialis

(insertion)

A

ulna

(coronoid process)

131
Q

brachialis

(action)

A

elbow flexion

132
Q

brachialis

(innervation)

A

musculocutaneous n.

133
Q

Identify

A
  1. deep a. of arm
  2. triceps long head
  3. radial n.
  4. triceps medial head
  5. triceps lateral head
134
Q

triceps

(origin)

A
  • long head: infraglenoid tubercle
  • lateral head: posterolateral humerus
  • medial head: middle posterior humerus
135
Q

triceps

(insertion)

A

olecranon process

136
Q

triceps

(action)

A

elbow extension

137
Q

triceps

(innervation)

A

radial n.

138
Q

Identify

A

anconeus

139
Q

anconeus

(origin)

A

lateral epicondyle

140
Q

anconeus

(insertion)

A

lateral olecranon

141
Q

anconeus

(action)

A

elbow extension

142
Q

anconeus

(innervation)

A

radial n.

143
Q

What geometric space does the axillary n. pass through?

A

quadrangula space

144
Q

Identify

A

axillary n.

145
Q

What cord does the axillary n. emerge from?

A

posterior

146
Q

What does the axillary n. innervate?

A
  • deltoid
  • teres minor
147
Q

What cord does musculocutaneous emerge from?

A

lateral

148
Q

Describe the path of musculocutaneous n.

A
  • pierces coracobracialis
  • travels between biceps & brachialis
  • continues to forearm
  • forms lateral cutaneous n. of formarm
149
Q

What does musculocutaneous n. innervate?

A
  • coracobrachialis
  • biceps brachii
  • brachialis
150
Q

Identify

A
  1. corachobrachialis
  2. musculocutaneous n.
  3. brachialis
151
Q

What cord does the radial n. emerge from?

A

posterior

152
Q

Describe the path of the radial n.

A
  • exits posterior inferior to teres major
  • descends w/deep a. of arm in spiral groove then between med and lat heads of triceps
  • wraps anteriorlyas it pierces lateral intermuscular septum
  • passes anterior to elbow
153
Q

Identify

A

radial n.

154
Q

Identify

A

radial n.

155
Q

Identify

A

median n.

156
Q

What is the median n.’s innervation in the upper arm?

A

None, only innervates below the elbow

157
Q

What cords does the median n. emerge from?

A

medial & lateral

158
Q

Describe the path of the median n.

A
  • follows brachial a.
  • enters forearm via cubital fossa
159
Q

Identify

A

ulnar n.

160
Q

What cord does the ulnar n. emerge from?

A

medial

161
Q

Describe the path of the ulnar n.

A
  • follows brachial a.
  • descends posterior to medial epicondyle
  • enters forearm via cubital tunnel
162
Q

Identify

A
  1. coracoacromial ligament
  2. acromioclavicular (AC) ligament
  3. trapezoid
  4. conoid
  5. coracoclavicular ligament
163
Q

What pathology is this?

A

Grade III AC Joint Sprain

164
Q

What does, “I separated my shoulder” really mean anatomically?

A

AC joint injury

165
Q

Describe a Grade I AC joint injury

A

AC joint sprain

166
Q

Describe a Grade II AC joint injury

A

AC joint rupture

coracoclaviuclar sprain

167
Q

Describe a grade III AC joint injury

A

AC and coracoclavicular rupture

168
Q

What is different between these two XRs?

A

B was taken with axial distraction

169
Q

Identify

A
  1. coracohumeral ligament
  2. transverse humeral ligament
  3. slack for GH ABD
  4. GH ligament (3 parts: sup, mid, inf)
170
Q

What is the function of the transverse humeral ligament?

A

holds down long head of the biceps when contracted

171
Q

Identify

A
  1. coracoacromial ligament
  2. coracoacromial arch
  3. acromion
  4. subacromial (SA) space
  5. supraspinatus (cut)
172
Q

What is compressed with GH ABD?

A

subacromial space ==> supraspinatus

173
Q

Mobility of the SC joint is critical for shoulder ______.

A

elevation

Clin Anat I - Exam #2 (3 decks)

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