UE Muscles Flashcards
Sternocleidomastoid Action
Ipsilateral Side bending of head with rotation to opposite
Bilateral- neck flexion, extension at O-A joint
Sternocleidomastoid Insertion
Mastoid Process of Temporal Bone, lateral half of superior Nuchal line
Sternocleidomastoid Origin
Sternal Head, anterior surface of manubrium of sternum. Clavicular Head; superior surface of medial 1/3 clavicle
Sternocleidomastoid Innervation
CN XI (Motor), Ventral Rami C2-C3 (Sensory)
Levator Scapulae Action
Elevates Scapula
Downward Rotation of Scapula
Levator Scapulae Origin
Transverse Process of C1-C4
Levator Scapula Insertion
Superior Aspect of Medial Border of Scapula
Levator Scapulae Innervation
Dorsal Scapular Nerve (C5), C3-C4 Ventral Rami
Upper Trapezius Action
Upwardly rotates with lower trapezius
Elevate and Retract Scapula
Upper Trapezius Origin
Medial 1/3 superior Nuchal line; Occipital Protuberance to C7, ligamentum nuchae
Upper Trapezius Insertion
Lateral 1/3 of Clavicle
Upper Trapezius Innervation
CN XI (Motor), Ventral Rami C3-C4 (Sensory)
Middle Trapezius Action
Retract Scapula
Middle Trapezius Origin
C7-T4 Spinous Process
Middle Trapezius Insertion
Acromion and Crest of Spine of Scapula
Middle Trapezius Innervation
CN XI (Motor), Ventral Rami C3-C4 (Sensory)
Lower Trapezius Action
Upwardly Rotates with upper trapezius
Depress, Retract Scapula
Lower Trapezius Origin
T4-T12 Spinous Process
Lower Trapezius Insertion
Spine of Scapula
Lower Trapezius Innervation
CN XI (Motor), Ventral Rami C3-C4 (Sensory)
Serratus Anterior Action
Protract Scapula, and holds it against thoracic wall
Upward Rotation of Scapula
Serratus Anterior Origin
Lateral Surface of Ribs 1-8
Serratus Anterior Insertion
Anterior Surface of Medial Border of Scapula
Serratus Anterior Innervation
Long Thoracic Nerve, C5, C6, C7
Pectoralis Major Action
Adduction and Internal Rotation of Humerus
Clavicular Head Alone- Flexes Humerus
Sternocostal Head Alone- Extends Humerus from overhead positions; horizontal addiction at G/H Joint
Pectoralis Major Origin
Clavicular Head- Anterior Surface of medial 1/2 of clavicle
Sternocostal Head- Anterior Surface of Sternum, upper 6 costal cartilages and aponeurosis of External Oblique
Pectoralis Major Insertion
Lateral Lip of Intertubercular Groove of Humerus
Pectoralis Major Innervation
Lateral and Medial Pectoral Nerves
Clavicular- C5-C6
Sternocostal- C7, C8-T1
Pectoralis Minor Action
Stabilizes Scapula by drawing it inferiorly and anteriorly against Thoracic Wall
Pectoralis Minor Origin
3rd to 5th Ribs near costal cartilages
Pectoralis Minor Insertion
Medial Border and Superior Surface of Coracoid Process of Scapula
Pectoralis Minor Innervation
Medial and Lateral Pectoral Nerve (C6, C7, C8)
Anterior Deltoid Action
Abduction, Flexion, internal Rotation of Humerus
Anterior Deltoid Origin
Lateral 1/3 of Clavicle (Anterior Surface)
Anterior Deltoid Insertion
Deltoid Tuberosity of Humerus
Anterior Deltoid Innervation
Axillary Nerve (C5-C6)
Middle Deltoid Action
Abduction of Humerus
Middle Deltoid Origin
Lateral Aspect of Acromion
Middle Deltoid Insertion
Deltoid Tubersoity
Middle Deltoid Innervation
Axillary Nerve (C5-C6)
Posterior Deltoid Action
Extension, External Rotation, and Abduction of Humerus
Posterior Deltoid Origin
Inferior Lip of Crest of Spine of Scapula
Posterior Deltoid Insertion
Deltoid Tuberosity
Posterior Deltoid Innervation
Axillary Nerve (C5-C6)
Supraspinatus Action
Initiates and Assists Deltoid in Abduction of Humerus; Holds head in Glenoid Cavity (Rotator Cuff)
Supraspinatus Origin
Supraspinous Fossa of Scapula
Supraspinatus Insertion
Superior facet on greater tubercle of humerus
Supraspinatus Innervation
Suprascapular Nerve (C4, C5, C6)
Infraspinatus Action
External Rotation of Humerus
Holds Humeral Head in Glenoid (Rotator Cuff)
Infraspinatus Origin
Infraspinous Fossa of Scapula
Infraspinatus Insertion
Middle Facet Greater Tubercle of Humerus
Infraspinatus Innervation
Suprascapular Nerve (C5-C6)
Teres Minor Action
External Rotation of Humerus
Teres Minor Origin
Middle Part of Lateral Border of Scapula
Teres Minor Insertion
Inferior Facet on Greater Tubercle of Humerus
Teres Minor Innervation
Axillary Nerve (C5-C6)
Subscapularis Action
Internal Rotation, Adduction of Humerus
Holds Head of Humerus in Place (Rotator Cuff)
Subscapularis Origin
Subscapular Fossa
Subscapularis Insertion
Lesser Tubercle of Humerus
Subscapularis Innervation
Upper and Lower Subscapular Nerves
Teres Major Action
Extension, Adduction, Internal Rotation of Humerus
Teres Major Origin
Dorsal Surface of Inferior Angle of Scapula
Teres Major Insertion
Medial Lip of Intertubercular Groove of Humerus
Teres Major Innervation
Lower Subscapular Nerve (C5-C6)
Rhomboid Major Action
Retract Scapula, Elevate Scapula, Downward Rotation of Scapula
Fix Scapula against Thoracic Wall
Rhomboid Major Origin
Spinous Processes of T2-T5
Rhomboid Major Insertion
Medial Border of Scapula from Spine to Inferior Angle
Rhomboids Major Innervation
Dorsal Scapular Nerve (C4-C5)
Rhomboid Minor Action
Retract Scapula, Elevate Scapula, downward rotation of scapula
Fix Scapula against Thoracic Wall
Rhomboid Minor Origin
Nuchal Ligament and Spinous Processes of C7 and T1
Rhomboid Minor Insertion
Medial Border of Scapula at level of the spine
Rhomboid Minor Innervation
Dorsal Scapular Nerve (C4 and C5)
Latissimus Dorsi Action
Extension, Adduction, Internal Rotation of Humerus
Latissimus Dorsi Origin
Thoracolumbar Fascia, Spinous Process T6-T12, inferior 3 or 4 ribs, iliac crest
Latissimus Dorsi Insertion
Floor of Intertubercular Groove of Humerus
Latissimus Dorsi Innervation
Thoracodorsal Nerve (C6, C7, C8)
Coracobrachialis Action
Flexion, Adduction of Humerus
Coracobrachialis Origin
Tip or Apex of coracoid process of Scapula
Coracobrachialis Insertion
Middle 1/3 of medial Humerus
Coracobrachialis Innervation
Musculotaneous Nerve (C5, C6)
Biceps Brachii Action
Long Head- Weak Shoulder Flexion, Weak Abduction and External Rotation of Humerus
Both- Elbow Flexion with Forearm Supination
Biceps Brachii Origin
Short Head- Coracoid Process of Scapula
Long Head- Supraglenoid Tubercle of Scapula
Biceps Brachii Insertion
Radial Tuberosity and Fascia of Forearm via Bicipital Aponeurosis
Biceps Brachii Innervation
Musculotaneous Nerve (C5-C6)
Brachialis Action
Elbow Flexion Regardless of Position
Brachialis Origin
Distal Half Humerus, anterior surface
Brachialis Insertion
Ulnar Tuberosity and anterior aspect coronoid process of Ulna
Brachialis Innervation
Musculotaneous Nerve (C5, C6)
Brachioradialis Action
Elbow Flexion (Midpronation Most Effective)
Brachioradialis Origin
Proximal 2/3 of Lateral Supracondylar Ridge of Humerus
Brachioradialis Insertion
Lateral Surface of Distal End of Radius
Brachioradialis Innervation
Radial Nerve (C5, C6, C7)
Triceps Action
All Heads- Elbow Extension
Long Head- Steadies Head of Abducted Humerus
Triceps Origin
Long Head- Infraglenoid Tubercle of Scapula
Lateral Head- Posterior Surface of Humerus, Superior to Radial Groove
Medial Head- Posterior Surface of Humerus, inferior to radial groove
Triceps Insertion
Proximal End of Olecranon Process of Ulna and Fascia of Forearm
Triceps Innervation
Radial Nerve (C6, C7, C8)
Pronator Teres Action
Pronates Forearm, Flexes Elbow
Pronator Teres Origin
Humeral Head- Medial Epicondyle of Humerus
Ulnar Head- Coronoid Process of Ulna
Pronator Teres Insertion
Middle of Lateral Surface of Radius
Pronator Teres Innervation
Median Nerve (C6, C7)
Pronator Quadratus Action
Pronates Forearm
Pronator Quadratus Origin
Distal 1/4 of Anterior Surface of Ulna
Pronator Quadratus Insertion
Distal 1/4 Anterior Surface of Radius
Pronator Quadratus Innervation
Anterior Interosseous Nerve (From Median Nerve) (C8-T1)
Supinator Action
Supinates Forearm
Supinator Origin
Lateral Epicondyle of Humerus, Radial Collateral and Annular Ligaments, Supinator fossa, and crest of Ulna
Supinator Insertion
Proximal Radius, Anterior, Lateral, Posterior Surfaces
Supinator Innervation
Deep Branch Radial Nerve (C7, C8)
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Action
Extension and Abduction of Hand at Wrist Joint
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Origin
Lateral Supracondylar Ridge of Humerus
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Insertion
Base of 2nd Metacarpal Bone
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Innervation
Radial Nerve (C6, C7)
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Action
Extension and Abduction of Hand at Wrist Joint
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Origin
Lateral Epicondyle of Humerus
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Insertion
Base of 3rd Metacarpal
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Innervation
Deep Branch of Radial Nerve (C7, C8)
Extensor Digitorum Action
Extension of Medial 4 Digits at Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) Joint, Assists with Extension at Interphalangeal (IP) Joint
Extension of Hand at Wrist Joint
Extensor Digitorum Origin
Lateral Epicondyle of Humerus
Extensor Digitorum Insertion
Base of Middle Phalanges of fingers of medial 4 digits via extensor expansion
Extensor Digitorum Innervation
Post Interosseous Nerve (C7, C8) (Continuation of Deep Branch of Radial Nerve)
Extensor Digiti Minimi Action
Extension of 5th Digit at Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) Joint and Interphalangeal (IP) Joint
Extensor Digiti Minimi Origin
Lateral Epicondyle of Humerus
Extensor Digiti Minimi Insertion
Extensor Expansion of 5th Digit
Extensor Digiti Minimi Innervation
Post Interosseous Nerve (C7, C8) (Continuation of Deep Branch of Radial Nerve)
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Action
Extension and Adduction of Hand at Wrist
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Origin
Lateral Epicondyle of Humerus and Posterior Border of Ulna
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Insertion
Base of 5th Metacarpal
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Innervation
Post Interosseous Nerve (C7, C8) (Continuation of Deep Branch of Radial Nerve)
Abductor Policis Longus Action
Abduction of Thumb and Extension of Thumb at Carpometacarpal (CMC) Joint
Abductor Pollicis Longus Origin
Posterior Surface of Proximal Halves of Ulna, Radius, and Interosseous Membrane
Abductor Pollicis Longus Insertion
Base of 1st Metacarpal
Abductor Pollicis Longus Innervation
Posterior Interosseous Nerve (C7, C8) (Continuation of Deep Branch of Radial Nerve)
Extensor Pollicis Brevis Action
Extension of Proximal Phalanx of Thumb at Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) Joint
Extension at Carpometacarpal Joint
Extensor Pollicis Brevis Origin
Posterior Surface of Radius and Interosseous Membrane
Extensor Pollicis Brevis Insertion
Dorsal Aspect Base of Proximal Phalanx of Thumb
Extensor Pollicis Brevis Innervation
Posterior Interosseous Nerve (C7, C8) (Continuation of Deep Branch of Radial Nerve)
Extensor Pollicis Longus Action
Extension of Distal Phalanx of Thumb at Interphalangeal (IP) Joint
Extension of Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) Joint and Carpometacarpal (CMC) Joint
Extensor Pollicis Longus Origin
Posterior Surface of Middle 1/3 of Ulna and Interrosseous Membrane
Extensor Pollicis Longus Insertion
Base of Distal Phalanx of Thumb
Extensor Pollicis Longus Innervation
Posterior Interosseous Nerve (C7, C8) (Continuation of Deep Branch of Radial Nerve)
Extensor Indicis Action
Extension of 2nd Digit
Assists with Wrist Extension
Extensor Indicis Origin
Posterior Surface of Distal 1/3 of Ulna and Interosseous Membrane
Extensor Indicis Insertion
Extensor Expansion of 2nd Digit
Extensor Indicis Innervation
Posterior Interosseous Nerve (C7, C8) (Continuation of Deep Branch of Radial Nerve)
Flexor Carpi Radialis Action
Flexion and Abduction of Hand at the Wrist
Flexor Carpi Radialis Origin
Medial Epicondyle of Humerus
Flexor Carpi Radialis Insertion
Base of 2nd and 3rd Metacarpal
Flexor Carpi Radialis Innervation
Median Nerve (C6, C7)
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Action
Flexion and Adduction of Hand at Wrist
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Origin
Humeral Head- Medial Epicondyle of Humerus
Ulnar Head- Olecranon and Posterior Border of Ulna
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Insertion
Pisiform, Hook of Hamate and Base of 5th Metacarpal
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Innervation
Ulnar Nerve (C7, C8)
Palmaris Longus Action
Assists with Wrist Flexion
Tense Palmar Aponeurosis
Palmaris Longus Origin
Medial Epicondyle of humerus from common flexor origin
Palmaris Longus Insertion
Distal 1/2 of Flexor Retinaculum and Palmar Aponeurosis
Palmaris Longus Innervation
Median Nerve (C7, C8)
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Action
Flexes Proximal Interphalangeal (PIP) Joints of medial 4 digits
Flexes Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) Joint and assists in wrist flexion
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Origin
Humeroulnar Head- Medial Epicondyle of Humerus, ulnar collateral ligament, coronoid process of ulna
Radial Head- Superior 1/2 of anterior border of radius
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Insertion
Bodies of Middle Phalanges of Medial 4 digits
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Innervation
Median Nerve (C7-T1)
Flexor Digitorum Profundus Action
Distal Interphalangeal (DIP) Joint Flexion of medial 4 digits. Also flexes Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) Joint and assists in wrist flexion
Flexor Digitorum Profundus Origin
Proximal 3/4 of medial and anterior surface of ulna and Interosseous membrane
Flexor Digitorum Profundus Insertion
Bases of Distal Phalanges of medial 4 digits
Flexor Digitorum Profundus Innervation
Anterior Interosseous Nerve (From Median Nerve) C8-T1 to lateral 2 FDP
Ulnar Nerve C8-T1 to medial 2 FDP
Flexor Pollicis Longus Action
Flexes Interphalangeal (IP) Joint, Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) Joint, Carpometacarpal (CMC) Joint of Thumb
Flexor Pollicis Longus Origin
Anterior Surface of Radius and Interosseous membrane
Flexor Pollicis Longus Insertion
Base of Distal Phalanx of Thumb
Flexor Pollicis Longus Innervation
Anterior Interosseous Nerve (From Median Nerve) C8-T1
Abductor Pollicis Brevis Action
Abduction of Thumb
Assists Thumb Opposition
Abductor Pollicis Brevis Origin
Flexor Retinaculum and Tubercles of Scaphoid and Trapezium
Abductor Pollicis Brevis Insertion
Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb and extensor expansion
Abductor Pollicis Brevis Innervation
Recurrent branch of Medial Nerve (C8-T1)
Flexor Pollicis Brevis (2 Heads) Action
Flexes Thumb
Flexor Pollicis Brevis Origin
Flexor Retinaculum and Tubercles of Scaphoid and Trapezium
Flexor Pollicis Brevis Insertion
Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
Flexor Pollicis Brevis Innervation
Superficial Head- Recurrent branch (Median Nerve) (C8,T1)
Deep Head- Deep Branch of Ulnar Nerve (C8, T1)
Opponens Pollicis Action
Oppose Thumb
Opponens Pollicis Origin
Flexor Retinaculum and Tubercles of Scaphoid and Trapezium
Opponens Pollicis Insertion
Lateral Aspect of 1st Metacarpal
Opponens Pollicis Innervation
Recurrent Branch of Median Nerve (C8, T1)
Adductor Pollicis (2 Heads) Action
Adduction of Thumb
Adductor Pollicis Origin
Oblique- Base of 2nd and 3rd Metacarpal, capitate and carpals
Transverse- Anterior Surface of Shaft of 3rd Metacarpal
Adductor Pollicis Insertion
Medial Side of Base of Proximal Phalanx of Thumb
Adductor Pollicis Innervation
Deep Branch of Ulnar Nerve (C8, T1)
Abductor Digiti Minimi Action
Abducts 5th Digit
Assists Flexion of 5th Proximal Phalanx
Abductor Digiti Minimi Origin
Pisiform
Abductor Digiti Minimi Insertion
Medial Side Base of Proximal Phalanx of 5th Digit
Abductor Digiti Minimi Innervation
Deep Branch Ulnar Nerve (C8, T1)
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis Action
Flexes Proximal Phalanx of 5th Digit
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis Origin
Hook of Hamate and Flexor Retinaculum
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis Insertion
Medial Side base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis Innervation
Deep Branch of Ulnar Nerve (C8, T1)
Opponens Digiti Minimi Action
Draws 5th Metacarpal Anteriorly to oppose the thumb
Opponens Digiti Minimi Origin
Hook of Hamate and Flexor Retinaculum
Opponens Digiti Minimi Insertion
Medial Border of 5th Metacarpal
Opponens Digiti Minimi Innervation
Deep Branch of Ulnar Nerve (C8, T1)
Lumbricals 1 and 2 Action
Flex Metacarpal Joints and extend Interphalangeal Joints
Lumbricals 1 and 2 Origin
Lateral 2 tendons of Flexor Digitorum Profundus
Lumbricals 1 and 2 Insertion
Lateral Sides of Extensor Expansion of Digits 2-5
Lumbricals 1 and 2 Innervation
Median Nerve (C8, T1)
Lumbricals 3 and 4 Action
Flex metacarpal Joints and Extend Interphalangeal Joints
Lumbricals 3 and 4 Origin
Bipennate from medial 3 tendons flexor Digitorum Profundus
Lumbricals 3 and 4 Insertion
Lateral Sides of Extensor Expansion of Digits 2-5
Lumbricals 3 and 4 Innervation
Deep Branch of Ulnar Nerve (C8, T1)
Palmar Interossei Action
Adductor 2nd, 4th, and 5th digit towards midline, assists with metacarpal flexion, and Interphalangeal extension
Palmar Interossei Origin
Palmar Surfaces of 2nd, 4th, and 5th Metacarpal
Palmar Interossei Insertion
Base of Proximal Phalanges and Extension Expansion of 2nd, 4th, and 5th digits
Palmar Interossei Innervation
Deep Branch of Ulnar Nerve (C8, T1)
Dorsal Interossei Action
Abduct Digits 2-4 away from midline, assist with MCP Flexion, IP Extension
Dorsal Interossei Origin
Bipennate adjacent sides of Metacarpals
Dorsal Interossei Insertion
Base of Proximal Phalanges and Extension expansions of 2nd, 4th, and 5th Digits
Dorsal Interossei Innervation
Deep Branch of Ulnar Nerve (C8, T1)