Head Neck Thorax And Spine Flashcards
Sternocleidomastoid Action
Bilaterally: Flexes head against resistance, neck flexion, extension at A-O joint, accessory muscle for respiration
Unilaterally: Ipsilateral sidebend with contralateral rotation of face
Sternocleidomastoid Origin
Sternal Head: Manubrium, Clavicular head: upper medial 1/3 of clavicle
Sternocleidomastoid Insertion
Lateral Surface of Mastoid Process and Lateral 1/2 of Superior Nuchal Line
Sternocleidomastoid Innervation
CN XI (Motor); C2-C3 (Sensory)
Anterior, Middle and Posterior Scalenes Action
Ipsilateral side bending of cervical vertebra
Elevates first and second rib during inspiration
Scalene Anterior Origin
Transverse Process C3-C6
Scalene Middle Origin
Posterior Tubercles Transverse Process C2-C7
Scalene Posterior Origin
Posterior Tubercles of Transverse Process C4-C6
Anterior Scalene Insertion
1st Rib
Middle Scalene Insertion
Superior Surface of 1st Rib
Posterior Scalene Insertion
2nd Rib
Anterior Scalene Innervation
C4-C6 Ventral Rami
Middle Scalene Innervation
C3-C8 Ventral Rami
Posterior Scalene Innervation
C7-C8 Ventral Rami
Levator Scapulae Action
Elevates Scapula
Downward Rotation of Scapula with Pec Minor
Levator Scapulae Origin
Transverse Process of Vertabrae C1-C4
Levator Scapulae Insertion
Medial Border of Scapula and Above Spine
Levator Scapulae Innervation
C3-C4 Ventral Rami; C5 Ventral Rami from dorsal scapular
Temporalis Action
Elevation of mandible to close mouth and teeth
Retract Mandible
Temporalis Origin
Temporal Fossa and deep temporal fascia
Temporalis Insertion
Apex, anterior, and posterior border of coronoid process of mandible and anterior border of ramus of mandible
Temporalis Innervation
CN V
Masseter Action
Powerful Elevator of Mandible
Masseter Origin
Inferior Border and Medial Surface of Zygomatic Arch
Lateral Pterygoid (2 Heads) Action
Chief Protractor, Depresses Mandible
Lateral Pterygoid Origin
Upper-infratemporal surface and crest of greater wing of sphenoid.
Lower Lat surface of lat Pterygoid plate
Lateral Pterygoid Insertion
Anterior aspect of mandibular neck, articular capsule and TMJ disc
Lateral Pterygoid Innervation
Mandibular Branch (V3) of CN V
Medial Pterygoid Action
Elevates Mandible
Protraction of Mandible
Medial Pterygoid Origin
Medial surface of lat pterygoid plate and palatine bone and tuberosity of Maxilla
Medial Pterygoid Insertion
Medial Surface of Mandibular Angle
Medial Pterygoid Innervation
Mandibular Branch (V3) of CN V
External Intercostals Action
Elevates the Rib
External Intercostals Origin
From Lower Margins of Ribs 1-11, fibers pass down and forwards
External Intercostals Insertion
To Upper Margins of Rib Below
External Intercostals Innervation
Corresponding Intercostal Nerves (T1-T11)
Internal Intercostals Action
Depress the Rib, muscle of Expiration
Internal Intercostals Origin
Lower Margins of Ribs and costal cartilages, and floor of costal groove
Internal Intercostals Insertion
Upper Margins of Subadjacent Ribs and Costal Cartilages
Internal Intercostals Innervation
Corresponding Intercostals Nerve (T1-T11)
Innermost Intercostals Action
Depresses the Rib, Muscle of Expiration
Innermost Intercostals Origin
From Internal Aspects of Adjoining Rib
Innermost Intercostals Insertion
Fibers run in same direction as internal intercostal muscles but not full length of rib. Upper and Lower Borders of Rib
Innermost Intercostals Innervation
Corresponding Intercostal Nerve (T1-T11)
External Oblique Action
(Along will all other abdominal muscles) Increase Intra-abdominal pressure, hence resist downward pressure of diaphragm during straining and coughing
R side bending with R IO, Trunk Flexion and L rotation with R EO and L IO
External Oblique Origin
External Surface of Lower 8 Ribs
External Oblique Insertion
External Lip of Iliac Crest, Pubic Tubercle and Línea Alba
External Oblique Innervation
Thoracoabdominal Nerves (T7-T11) and Subcostal Nerves
Internal Oblique Action
Resist Downward pressure of diaphragm, during straining and coughing
R side bending with R IO, trunk flexion and L rotation with R EO and L IO
Internal Oblique Origin
Thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, lateral 1/2 of inguinal ligament
Internal Oblique Insertion
Up towards lower 3 ribs and costal margins, línea alba and down toward pubis via conjoint tendon
Internal Oblique Innervation
Lower 2-3 Thoracoabdominal nerves (T7-T11) Subcostal Nerves and L1 Ventral Ramus
Transverse Abdominus Action
Increase Intra-abdominal pressure, resist downward pressure of diaphragm during straining and coughing
Transverse Abdominus Origin
Fascia Iliaca, Iliac Crest, thoracolumbar fascia, and inner surfaces of lower 6 costal cartilages. Lateral 1/3 of inguinal ligament
Transverse Abdominus Insertion
Aponeurosis that contribute to rectus sheath and outbid via conjoint tendon
Transverse Abdominus Innervation
Thoracoabdominal Nerves (T7-T12) and Subcostal Nerve, and L1 Ventral Ramus
Rectus Abdominus Action
Increase Intra-abdominal pressure hence resist downward pressure of the diaphragm during straining and coughing
Flex Lumbar Vertebral Column if pelvis fixed
If thorax is fixed they flex lumbar vertebral column and draw pelvis up
Rectus Abdominus Origin
Xiphoid Process of Sternum and Costal Cartilages 5-7
Rectus Abominus Insertion
Pubic Crest and Symphysis
Rectus Abdominus Innervation
Thoracoabdominal Nerves (T7-T11) and Subcostal Nerve
Diaphragm Action
Primary Muscle of Inspiration
During Contraction diaphragm descends and draws central tendon down; volume of thorax is increased and intrathoracic pressure decreased
Diaphragm Origin
Sternal from post aspect of Xiphoid process
Costal- from inner surfaces of lower 6 costal cartilages and lower 4 ribs
Lumbar- from bodies of upper lumbar vertebrae and fibrous arches (Med and Lat arcuate ligaments)
Diaphragm Insertion
Central Tendon of Diaphragm
Diaphragm Innervation
Phrenic Nerve (C3, 4, 5)
Serratus Posterior Superior Action
Elevate Ribs
Serratus Posterior Superior Origin
Nuchal Ligament, Spinous Process of C7-T3
Serratus Posterior Superior Insertion
Superior Borders of Ribs 2-4
Serratus Posterior Superior Innervation
Intercostal Nerves T2-T5
Serratus Posterior Inferior Action
Depress Ribs
Serratus Posterior Inferior Origin
Spinous Processes of T11-L2
Serratus Posterior Inferior Insertion
To Inferior Borders of Ribs 8-12 near angles
Serratus Posterior Inferior Innervation
Intercostal Nerves T9-T11 and Subcostal Nerve
Iliocostalis Lumborum Action
Extension and Lateral Flexion of Vertebral Column
Iliocostalis Lumborum Origin
Median Sacral Crest; T11-12, L1 Spines and Ligaments, dorsal ilium; lateral aspect
Iliocostalis Lumborum Insertion
Inferior Borders of Lower 6 or 7 Costal angles
Iliocostalis Lumborum Innervation
Thoracic and Lumbar Dorsal Rami
Iliocostalis Thoracis Action
Extension and Lateral Flexion of Vertebral Column
Iliocostalis Thoracis Origin
From Upper Borders of Lower Costal Angles
Iliocostalis Thoracis Insertion
To the Superior borders of the upper costal angles and the back of the C7 transverse process
Iliocostalis Thoracis Innervation
Thoracic Dorsal Rami
Iliocostalis Cervicis Action
Extension and Lateral Flexion of Vertebral Column
Iliocostalis Cervicis Origin
From the 3rd-6th Costal Angles
Iliocostalis Cervicis Insertion
To the posterior tubercles of C4-C6 transverse process
Iliocostalis Cervicis Innervation
Cervical Dorsal Rami
Longissimus Thoracis Action
Extend and Sidebend Vertebral Column
Longissimus Thoracis Origin
Common Distal Attachment, Sacrum, Iliac Crest, spinous process of lumbar vertebrae, and transverse process of lower thoracic vertebrae
Longissimus Thoracis Insertion
Tips of all Thoracic transverse Process and Lower 9 or 10 ribs between tubercles and angles
Longissimus Thoracis Innervation
Thoracic Dorsal Rami
Longissimus Cervicis Action
Extend and Sidebend Vertebral Column
Longissimus Cervicis Origin
From long tendons attached from T1-T4 or T5 transverse processes and lower 3 or 4 Cervical Articular Processes
Longissimus Cervicis Insertion
C2-C6 Transverse Process Posterior Tubercles
Longissimus Cervicis Innervation
Thoracic and Cervical Dorsal Rami
Longissimus Capitis Action
Extend Head and Rotate Face to Same Side
Longissimus Capitis Origin
T1-T4 OR T5 transverse processes and lower 3 or 4 cervical articular processes
Longissimus Capitis Insertion
Posterior Margin of Mastoid Process
Longissimus Capitis Innervation
Thoracic and Cervical Dorsal Rami
Spinalis Thoracis Action
Extend Vertebral Column
Spinalis Thoracis Origin
T11-L2 Spines
Spinalis Thoracis Insertion
T4-T8 Spines
Spinalis Thoracis Innervation
Thoracic and Cervical Dorsal Rami
Spinalis Cervicis Action
Inconstant Extend the Vertebral Column
Spinalis Cervicis Origin
Lower Ligamentum Nuchae, C7 Spine
Spinalis Cervicis Insertion
Spine of C2
Spinalis Cervicis Innervation
Cervical Dorsal Rami
Spinalis Capitis Action
Extend Vertebral Column
Spinalis Capitis Origin
Blended with Semispinalis Capitis
Spinalis Capitis Innervation
Cervical Dorsal Rami
Masseter Insertion
Angle and Lateral aspect of ramus of mandible
Masseter Innervation
Mandibular (V3) Branch of CN V